Harnessing Cognitive Dissonance to Promote Positive Attitudes Toward Older Workers in Australia

Gringart, Eyal; Helmes, Edward; Speelman, Craig

doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00325.x

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that voluntary changes in behaviour can lead to changes in beliefs that serve to justify those behavioural changes (Festinger, 1957;Gringart et al, 2008). Villagers may have adjusted their beliefs to perceiving that the MPA was improving fish stocks because they had voluntarily invested time and effort in selecting, establishing, and managing the MPA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessing ecological changes in and around marine reserves using community perceptions and biological surveys

Yasué

Kaufman

Vincent

2010

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. Well-enforced partial or total no-fishing zones (collectively known as marine protected areas, or MPAs) can help restore degraded coral reefs and enhance fish populations.2. A comparison was made of community perceptions of ecological changes in an MPA with concurrent scientific data on these changes in the same MPA. Such analyses are particularly important in community-based MPAs where local support is a key determinant of ecological success.3. The no-take MPA in question was initially launched in partnership with the community in 1995 and formalized in 1998. The perceptions data come from interviews with community members in 1999 and 2004, the biological data come from underwater visual censuses of the MPA from 1998 to 2004.4. Community members perceived more fish within the MPA and slight increases in catch outside the MPA. In contrast, fish censuses showed a high degree of stochastic variation and only minor increases in fish abundance, size and diversity in and around the MPA between 1998 and 2004.5. Possible explanations for these discrepancies include different temporal, spatial or species frames of reference and/or limitations to the biological survey technique. Other options include wishful thinking, external influences, a desire to please, or confounding with other benefits.6. This study demonstrates some of the strengths and weaknesses of community perceptions and biological data. In order to improve our understanding about the changes that occur over time in an MPA and engender community support for the long-term viability of MPAs, it is important to develop diverse and efficient monitoring schemes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessing ecological changes in and around marine reserves using community perceptions and biological surveys

Yasué

Kaufman

Vincent

2010

Aquatic Conservation

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“…We note, however, that giving information alone has not always been found to increase positivity (e.g., Gringart, Helmes, & Speelman, 2008).…”

Section: Journal Of Pacific Rim Psychology Bystander Anti-prejudicementioning

confidence: 98%

Bystander Antiprejudice: Cross-Cultural Education, Links With Positivity Towards Cultural ‘Outgroups’ and Preparedness to Speak Out

Pedersen

Paradies

Hartley

et al. 2011

Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology

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This article describes a 12-week intervention targeting positivity towards asylum seekers, Indigenous Australians and Muslim Australians. The study also assessed change in the intention to engage in bystander activism in four different scenarios: two Indigenous (old-fashioned and modern prejudice), one Muslim and one asylum seeker. There was a significant increase in positivity towards asylum seekers, Indigenous Australians and Muslim Australians. There was also a significant increase in ‘speaking out intention’, a form of bystander anti-prejudice, in three of the scenarios, but not in response to the Indigenous old-fashioned prejudice scenario. The study indicates that structured education on cross-cultural issues can improve attitudes to perceived ‘outgroups’ and, for the most part, increase participants' intention to speak out against prejudice.

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“…This dissonance can draw attention to discrepancies between beliefs and behavior (Stone & Cooper 2001), such as the chasm between the belief that one is unbiased, and behavioral evidence to the contrary. While it is understood that cognitive dissonance can stimulate reflection (McFalls & Cobb-Roberts 2001;Thompson et al 2010), shift attitudes (Gringart et al 2008), and even change behavior (Dickerson et al 1992), the details of this process are still unclear, particularly among medical students. In previous work, we found two pathways that students take to reduce cognitive dissonance when it occurs.…”

Section: Introduction (Aims)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering students’ reflection about bias in healthcare: Cognitive dissonance and the role of personal and normative standards

et al. 2012

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Background: To reduce cognitive dissonance about one's beliefs or behavior, individuals may compare their behavior to personal and/or normative standards. The details of this reflection process are unclear. Aims: We examined how medical students compare their behavior or beliefs to standards in discussions about implicit bias, and explored if and how different reflective pathways ( preserving vs. reconciling) are associated with each standard. Methods: Third-year students engaged in a small-group discussion about bias. Some students and group facilitators also participated in a debriefing about the experience. Using qualitative methods, the transcripts from these 11 sessions were analyzed for evidence of student comparison to a standard and of reflection pathways. Results: Of 557 text units, 75.8% could be coded with a standard and/or a path of reflection. Students referenced personal and normative standards about equally, and preserved or reconciled existing beliefs about equally. Uses of normative standards were associated with preservation-type reflection, and uses of personal standards with reconciliation-type reflection. Conclusions: Normative expectations of physicians are sometimes used to provoke students' consideration of implicit biases about patients. To encourage critical reflection and reconciliation of biased beliefs or behavior, educators should frame reflective activities as a personal exercise rather than as a requirement.

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Harnessing Cognitive Dissonance to Promote Positive Attitudes Toward Older Workers in Australia

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

Assessing ecological changes in and around marine reserves using community perceptions and biological surveys

Assessing ecological changes in and around marine reserves using community perceptions and biological surveys

Bystander Antiprejudice: Cross-Cultural Education, Links With Positivity Towards Cultural ‘Outgroups’ and Preparedness to Speak Out

Fostering students’ reflection about bias in healthcare: Cognitive dissonance and the role of personal and normative standards

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