In this study we examined the construct of financial wellness and its relationship to personal wellbeing, with a focus on the role of financial literacy. We made gender comparisons using a structural equation modeling analysis with variables that measured personal wellbeing, financial satisfaction, financial status, financial behavior, financial attitude, and financial knowledge. The research indicates that males ranked higher in financial satisfaction and financial knowledge than females; on the other hand, females ranked higher in personal wellbeing than males. The model of financial wellness proposed by Joo (2008) was operationalized to examine three alternative structural models. The model that best fitted the data was the one where financial wellness was conceived as a set of relations between variables. The relationship of all the variables to personal wellbeing was mediated by financial satisfaction, with some gender differences: In females the main source of financial satisfaction was financial status; in males it was financial knowledge.

We report the personal eye gaze patterns of people engaged in face-to-face getting acquainted conversation. Considerable differences between individuals are underscored by a stability of eye gaze patterns within individuals. Results suggest the existence of an eye-mouth gaze continuum. This continuum includes some people showing a strong preference for eye gaze, some with a strong preference for mouth gaze, and others distributing their gaze between the eyes and mouth to varying extents. Additionally, we found evidence of within-participant consistency not just for location preference but also for the duration of fixations upon the eye and mouth regions. We also estimate that during a 4-minute getting acquainted conversation mutual face gaze constitutes about 60% of conversation that occurs via typically brief instances of 2.2 seconds. Mutual eye contact ranged from 0–45% of conversation, via very brief instances. This was despite participants subjectively perceiving eye contact occurring for about 70% of conversation. We argue that the subjective perception of eye contact is a product of mutual face gaze instead of actual mutual eye contact. We also outline the fast activity of gaze movements upon various locations both on and off face during a typical face-to-face conversation.

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Postnatal depressive symptoms affect a significant number of women giving birth in Australia, and the point prevalence on the EPDS may be higher for women in the public sector, associated with lower incomes and educational levels. Maternity services--particularly those serving women with these risk factors--need to consider how they identify and manage the emotional health needs of women in their care. Specific State-related issues, such as availability of specialist perinatal mental health services and liaison between treating health professionals, also need to be considered.