Harmonic regression analysis of the effect of drug treatment on the diurnal rhythm of blood pressure and angina

Abstract

Harmonic regression is a method for analysis of diurnal rhythms which we apply to blood pressure and angina attack rate. We show that population amplitude and phase as previously defined are not the expected values of amplitude and phase in the population unless patients are in phase and that the estimates of these population parameters are the amplitude and phase of the mean measurements of the observation times. We show that the amplitude of the mean measurements underestimates the magnitude of the diurnal rhythm of individual patients due to significant differences among patients in the phase parameter. Thus, the mean of the individual-patient amplitudes and phases, rather than the amplitude and phase of the mean measurements, is necessary to describe the diurnal rhythm in the population and to assess the effect of drug treatment. Harmonic regression analysis yields specific hypotheses that relate directly to the consistency of drug effect over 24 hours.

Cyclical behavior of bone remodeling and bone loss in healthy women after menopause: results of a prospective study

“…( 4) can be considered as a continuous time analogue of Eq. ( 2); both models can be viewed as special cases of harmonic regression [11,12]. The same model was also used for bLBMD values to confirm previous findings.…”

“…In fact, harmonic regression models are often used in modeling biological phenomena, which tend to exhibit periodic rhythms, as that shown in Fig. 1 [11,12]. Let AVHs it represent the value of vertebral anterior heights sum for the i-th women observed at years t since menopause.…”

Circadian aspects of mortality in hospitalized patients: A retrospective observation from a large cohort

“…The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to compare the difference of the circadian variation of death between different groups. Harmonic regression as a method for analysis of diurnal rhythms was previously applied to monitor blood pressure and angina attack rate (Gaffney et al, 1993 ). In our study to quantify the periodic structure of the frequency of occurrence of death, harmonic regression model was fitted to the published data (Muller et al, 1987 ).…”

“…The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to compare the difference of the circadian variation of death between different groups. Harmonic regression as a method for analysis of diurnal rhythms was previously applied to monitor blood pressure and angina attack rate (Gaffney et al, 1993).…”

An analysis of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data using orthonormal polynomials in the linear mixed model

“…Other analyses have stressed the use of traditional simple or extended cosinor models [9-10]. Some authors have proposed smoothing splines or other smoothing techniques for the analysis of 24-hour ABPM data [11-13].…”