Harmful Algal Blooms in Asia: an insidious and escalating water pollution phenomenon with effects on ecological and human health

Glibert, Patricia M.

doi:10.16995/ane.46

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Aquatic systems are more vulnerable to the effect of pollution in many ways than terrestrial systems, especially given that many chemicals are soluble they may easily diffuse into the tissues of aquatic organisms (i.e., Wu et al 2013). Increased levels of organic compounds (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous) in riverine systems from industry and agriculture have been associated with increased prevalence of algal blooms (Glibert 2014), causing high mortality to fish and other organisms, and other physiological effects including spontaneous abortions in aquatic mammals. At present, records of high mortality of aquatic species resulting from algal blooms are largely limited to large waterbodies in Northern SE Asia (Glibert 2014), but with changing agricultural practices in other parts of the region, this may become an increasing risk for other parts of SE Asia into the future.…”

Section: Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the drivers ofSoutheastAsian biodiversity loss

2017

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Abstract. Southeast Asia (SE Asia) is a known global hotspot of biodiversity and endemism, yet the region is also one of the most biotically threatened. Ecosystems across the region are threatened by an array of drivers, each of which increases the probability of extinction of species in a variety of ecosystems. These issues are symptomatic of the issues that face the global tropics; however, with around 4 billion people in the wider region and the associated pressures on biodiversity, this region may be under some of the greatest levels of biotic threat. Deforestation rates in SE Asia are some of the highest globally, additionally it has the highest rate of mining in the tropics, around the greatest number of hydropower dams under construction, and a consumption of species for traditional medicines which is a threat to biodiversity globally. In this review, the greatest threats to regional biodiversity in the SE Asian region are discussed. Tree-plantations and deforestation represent one of the most imminent threats, and some countries have already lost over half their original forest cover (i.e., the Philippines, parts of Indonesia), with projections of as much as 98% loss for some regions in the coming decade. Hunting and trade represent a significant threat as demand stems not only for food, but also for medicine, for ornamentation, and as a status symbol. Mining represents a frequently overlooked threat, as the Asian region is one of the greatest exporters of limestone and various minerals globally, and the cost of this to biodiversity is not only through the direct loss of areas for mines, but also through the development of roads that further fragment the landscape, the leakage of heavy metals, and the destruction of limestone karsts, which represent global endemicity hotspots. Reservoir construction, wetland drainage, fires, pollution, invasive species, disease, and finally climate change are also considered. Once each issue has been discussed, the overall prognosis of regional biodiversity and priority actions to protect SE Asian biodiversity in the future is discussed.

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Section: Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the drivers ofSoutheastAsian biodiversity loss

2017

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“…While these methods, particularly clay flocculation, have proven effective for targeted mitigation, there is also a strong need for continued research on the economic and ecological impacts of HABs, on observation and prediction, as well as on control of land-based pollution and coastal eutrophication to reduce the rapid proliferation of HABs in the region (Glibert, 2014;Yu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling Up From Regional Case Studies to a Global Harmful Algal Bloom Observing System

Anderson¹,

Berdalet²,

Kudela³

et al. 2019

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Anderson et al. Harmful Algal Bloom Observing System automated, near real-time information from nearshore and offshore sites situated in HAB transport pathways to provide improved, advanced HAB warnings; (4) merge ecological knowledge and models with existing Earth System Modeling Frameworks to enhance end-to-end capabilities in forecasting and scenario-building; (5) provide seasonal to decadal forecasts to allow governments to plan, adapt to a changing marine environment, and ensure coastal industries are supported and sustained in the years ahead; and (6) support implementation of the recent calls for action by the United Nations Decade 2010 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to develop indicators that are relevant to an effective and global HAB early warning system.

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“…In some investigations, blue-green and brown algae have shown toxicities in animal models. 16 Many studies indicated that marine algae compounds such as substituted phenols, quinols and unsaturated diterpens (meroditerpens) act as effective antioxidant. 17 The Cystoseira genus major chemical compound (meroditerpens and toluquinols ) are very potent antioxidant reactive chemical compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%