“…However, it should be noted that the presence of the gap in the images obtained using the SSW camera is more typical of standard Х-pinches. In hybrid Х-pinches [14][15][16][17][18], the distance between the regions radiating in the SXR and HXR ranges is often less than 50 μm [19]. Measurements of the size of the Х-pinch region radiating in the SXR range by using the SSW camera gave a value on the order of 5-20 μm, which agrees with measurements performed using pinhole cameras.…”
Section: Spatial Characteristics Of the X-pinch Hssupporting
confidence: 56%
“…They are observed in the form of a doublet, the distance between the components being 0.002-0.004 Å (for Z~ [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”
Results of experimental studies of the Х-pinch since its invention and implementation in 1982 at the Lebedev Physical Institute are presented. The review consists of two parts. The first part briefly outlines the history of creation and studies of Х-pinches, describes the diagnostic techniques and devices developed during these studies, and presents the main results obtained in studying the physical processes occurring in the Х-pinch. The second part is devoted to the results of detailed studies of the spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics of the X-pinch hot spot-the region where the highest plasma parameters are achieved and which is a source of X-ray emission with extreme parameters. Some results of Х-pinch simulations are also presented.
“…However, it should be noted that the presence of the gap in the images obtained using the SSW camera is more typical of standard Х-pinches. In hybrid Х-pinches [14][15][16][17][18], the distance between the regions radiating in the SXR and HXR ranges is often less than 50 μm [19]. Measurements of the size of the Х-pinch region radiating in the SXR range by using the SSW camera gave a value on the order of 5-20 μm, which agrees with measurements performed using pinhole cameras.…”
Section: Spatial Characteristics Of the X-pinch Hssupporting
confidence: 56%
“…They are observed in the form of a doublet, the distance between the components being 0.002-0.004 Å (for Z~ [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”
Results of experimental studies of the Х-pinch since its invention and implementation in 1982 at the Lebedev Physical Institute are presented. The review consists of two parts. The first part briefly outlines the history of creation and studies of Х-pinches, describes the diagnostic techniques and devices developed during these studies, and presents the main results obtained in studying the physical processes occurring in the Х-pinch. The second part is devoted to the results of detailed studies of the spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics of the X-pinch hot spot-the region where the highest plasma parameters are achieved and which is a source of X-ray emission with extreme parameters. Some results of Х-pinch simulations are also presented.
“…Immediately after the thermal X-ray burst is emitted, a gap that increases in just a few ns from tens of μm to ~ several mm is developed. Energetic electrons are accelerated across that gap, as evidenced by the generation of non-thermal X-ray radiation in the 10 -150 keV energy range from a 0.1 to 1 mm source [8]- [10].…”
Two methods of using the X-pinch as a source of X-ray radiation for radiography of biological objects are presented. X-pinches are found to be a very flexible method for generation of radiation over a wide spectral range and provide a high spatial and temporal resolution.
“…In the MHXP with the Bz configuration, the bright radiating spot was more likely to be observed on the cathode side of the diode gap, but the resulting plasma conditions did not reach parameters required to be considered a "hot spot" (small size, short lifetime, intense continuum) as defined in references [4,5]. Most of the radiation was caused by accelerated electrons in minidiode [6,7]. Better results were obtained in the MHXP with the "cusp" configuration both on the XP (Fig.…”
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