Hard elastic carbon thin films from linking of carbon nanoparticles

Amaratunga, G.A.J.; Chhowalla, Manish; Kiely, Christopher J.; Alexandrou, I.; Aharonov, R.; Devenish, R. M.

doi:10.1038/383321a0

Cited by 207 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2-4) exclude the formation mechanism of a tube via spiraling of a graphitic layer as proposed by Robertson et al (1992) because much smoother layers and fewer defects should occur. Before reaching the substrate the particles form aggregates, as also reported by Amaratunga et al (1996), finally arriving at the substrate, and as observed in the TEM (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Growth model for arc-deposited fullerene-like CNx nanoparticles

Veisz

Radnóczi

2005

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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Multiwall CN x nanotubes, nanoonions, and amorphous nanoballs were formed by carbon DC arc evaporation in a nitrogen atmosphere. The samples were investigated by conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We propose a fragment-by-fragment growth mechanism for the formation of the nanoparticles. Accordingly, particles and aggregates of particles form in the vacuum ambient by the collisions between atomic species and small fragments. This growth model is supported by the discontinuous inner shells and disordered surface layers composed from graphene fragments. Image simulations confirm the detectability of dangling and back-folding surface layers in the experimental images. Further, the simulated images also confirm that the growth of nanoonions starts from a single fullerene-like seed. The amorphous nanoballs form when ordering of the building blocks during growth is hindered by the cross-linking nitrogen bonds. Microsc. Res. Tech. 67:100-105, 2005. V

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Growth model for arc-deposited fullerene-like CNx nanoparticles

Veisz

Radnóczi

2005

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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“…It has been reported that GLC films with high content of sp 2 bond, which was considered as a threefold ''defect'' structure in traditional studies [7], may also possess high hardness, as well as very low specific wear rates and friction coefficients [8,9]. These outstanding performances of GLC films have been elucidated due to the ''fullerenelike'' microstructure [10][11][12] or sp 2 clusters in crosslinked sp 3 sites [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nanocomposite Microstructure and Environment Self-Adapted Tribological Properties of Highly Hard Graphite-Like Film

Wang

et al. 2010

Tribol Lett

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Graphite-like carbon (GLC) nanocomposite films were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering using high pure graphite target at ambient temperature. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigation showed that the as-deposited GLC films have high concentration of sp 2 -hybridized carbon. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and selected area diffraction patterns (SADP) indicated a complex nanocomposite microstructure of the GLC films. As well as nanocrystalline graphite, a face-center cubic (fcc) diamond with a grain size in the range of 3-8 nm were dispersed in the amorphous carbon matrix inhomogenously and integrally. The nanocomposite GLC film had high hardness of 23 GPa, which was attributed to the mutual strengthening effect of nanoparticles and amorphous matrix. More importantly, the as-deposited nanocomposite GLC film exhibited excellent self-adapted tribological properties in different environments of ambient air, different relative humidity and water. The friction coefficients were 0.053 in ambient air and 0.046 in distilled water, while specific wear rates were 4.5 9 10 -16 m 3 N -1 m -1 and 1.6 9 10 -16 m 3 N -1 m -1 , respectively. The friction regimes and mechanisms in different environments were elaborated. This film is foreseen to high potential in protecting and solid lubricating material in humidity or water environment.

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“…Although studies of the structure of the soot and of the electrode deposit has provided a lot of information about the formation of carbon nanoparticles, their use in practical applications is not easily achieved. In the past, clusters of carbon nanoparticles have been produced as inclusions in carbon-based thin films [8,9]. Such thin films are very attractive for field emission applications [10,11] and can be viewed as the solid state equivalent of polymer-fullerene composites, with the disordered matrix where the nanoparticles are embedded acting the same way as the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%