Haptoglobin phenotypes in cervical cancer: Decreased risk for Hp2-2 individuals

The haptoglobin phenotype influences the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in kidney transplant patients

“…The most aggressive HPV infections are linked to a deficient Th1 response 39 . The different anti‐inflammatory capacity of the Hp phenotypes (Hp 1‐1 < Hp 2‐1 < Hp 2‐2) may cause an altered efficacy to eliminate HPV particles in keratinocytes 40 . The Hp 1‐1 phenotype may cause persistence of HPV infection, favouring viral‐induced carcinogenesis.…”

“…The production of Hp in keratinocytes is normally limited but can be upregulated by inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids 42 . Hp is also expressed in the cytoplasma of Langerhans cells which is probably captured from surrounding keratinocytes 40 . Hp is a potent downregulator of the skin immune response by inhibiting the functional maturation of Langerhans cells 43,44 .…”

“…39 The different anti-inflammatory capacity of the Hp phenotypes (Hp 1-1 < Hp 2-1 < Hp 2-2) may cause an altered efficacy to eliminate HPV particles in keratinocytes. 40 The Hp 1-1 phenotype may cause persistence of HPV infection, favouring viral-induced carcinogenesis. Hp expression is reported in keratinocytes of normal skin and inflammatory skin lesions.…”

“…42 Hp is also expressed in the cytoplasma of Langerhans cells which is probably captured from surrounding keratinocytes. 40 Hp is a potent downregulator of the skin immune response by inhibiting the functional maturation of Langerhans cells. 43,44 The involvement of Hp in the skin immune response is illustrated by an increase of Hp expression in several inflammatory skin diseases including HPV-induced pathologies such as verrucae vulgaris and condylomata acuminata.…”

Haptoglobin polymorphism and the risk of actinic keratoses and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A case–control study

“…The involvement of Hp has also been extensively examined in autoimmune diseases, infections and malignancies. It has been shown that Hp 2-2 shows a decreased risk for cervical cancer 5 and is associated with a better prognosis in ovarian cancer because they present less stage III tumors and may present a stronger immune response than patients with 1-1 and 1-2 phenotypes. 6 Furthermore, these results corroborate our earlier findings in renal transplant and HIV patients.…”