2014
DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.004731
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Handheld photoacoustic microscopy to detect melanoma depth in vivo

Abstract: We developed handheld photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) to detect melanoma and determine tumor depth in nude mice in vivo. Compared to our previous PAM system for melanoma imaging, a new light delivery mechanism is introduced to improve light penetration. We show that melanomas with 4.1 mm and 3.7 mm thicknesses can be successfully detected in phantom and in in vivo experiments, respectively. With its deep melanoma imaging ability and handheld design, this system can be tested for clinical melanoma diagnosis, pro… Show more

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Cited by 105 publications
(108 citation statements)
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“…1 PAM can provide both anatomical and functional information about biological systems by probing a wide variety of endogenous contrast agents, such as hemoglobin, melanin, DNA/RNA, and lipids. [2][3][4][5][6][7] With tightly focused light, PAM can achieve optical diffraction-limited lateral resolutions down to the submicron scale. 2 This optical-resolution PAM (OR-PAM) enables in vivo functional imaging of blood vessels down to the capillary level.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 PAM can provide both anatomical and functional information about biological systems by probing a wide variety of endogenous contrast agents, such as hemoglobin, melanin, DNA/RNA, and lipids. [2][3][4][5][6][7] With tightly focused light, PAM can achieve optical diffraction-limited lateral resolutions down to the submicron scale. 2 This optical-resolution PAM (OR-PAM) enables in vivo functional imaging of blood vessels down to the capillary level.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Instead of relying on the diffuse photons scattered from the sample, TE of the detector can also be realized by directing one of the laser fibers at the detector. Possible other important upgrades of the existing dual-modality PA/US microscope would be the use of a compact laser with a higher pulse repetition rate [45] (with a temporal intensity average satisfying necessary safety limits [46]), along with a hand-held design of the scanning system [47]. A 2kHz pulse repetition rate would ensure faster PA/US dual-modality imaging with a 200-fold increase of the A-scan acquisition rate, while the hand-held design of the dual-modality PA/US microscope would ensure more verstile access to the in vivo objects.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is an excellent avenue for interrogating angiogenesis and blood content in highly aggressive tumors, and shows great potential for molecular imaging [5]. PAI and Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) have been developing for many years in both clinical and preclinical regimes with applications in skin [6] and breast cancer [7,8], lymph node mapping [9][10][11], and endoscopy [12,13]. These technique relies on absorption of light to create contrast, a phenomenon that is governed by both tissue optical properties and light fluence.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%