Handheld pH meter–assisted immunoassay for C-reactive protein using glucose oxidase–conjugated dendrimer loaded with platinum nanozymes

Abstract

A simple and feasible pH meter–based immunoassay is reported for detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) using glucose oxidase (GOD)–conjugated dendrimer loaded with platinum nanozyme. Initially, platinum nanozymes were loaded into the dendrimers through an in situ synthetic method. Then, GOD and monoclonal anti-CRP antibody with a high molar ratio were covalently conjugated onto carboxylated dendrimers via typical carbodiimide coupling. The immunoreaction was carried out with a competitive mode in a CRP-coated microplate. Along with formation of immunocomplex, the added glucose was oxidized into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide by GOD, and the latter was further decomposed by platinum nanozyme, thus accelerating chemical reaction in the positive direction. The produced gluconic acid changed the pH of detection solution, which was determined using a handheld pH meter. Under optimum conditions, the pH meter–based immunoassay gave a good signal toward target CRP from 0.01 to 100 ng mL−1. The limit of detection was 5.9 pg mL−1. An intermediate precision ≤ 11.2% was acquired with batch-to-batch identification. No nonspecific adsorption was observed during a series of procedures to detect target CRP, and the cross-reaction against other biomarkers was very low. Importantly, our system gave well-matched results for analysis of human serum samples relative to a referenced ELISA kit.Graphical abstract

Aptamer‐functionalized Ti3C2‐MXene Nanosheets with One‐step Potentiometric Detection of Programmed Death‐ligand 1

“…All results using these two methods are shown in Table 2. As indicated from Table 2, all RSDs were less than 10 %, suggesting well-matched results between two methods [20][21][22][23]. To further monitor the non-specific adsorption, the as-prepared aptasensor was directly used to react with 45 mg mL À 1 albumin (a typical concentration of 45 mg mL À 1 albumin in serum).…”

Peroxidase-Mimicking Nanozyme with Surface-Dispersed Pt Atoms as the Label for the Lateral Flow Immunoassay of C-Reactive Protein

“…The LOD value is comparable with the values reported for electrochemical assays (i.e., 5.9 pg mL -1 and 15 pg mL -1 ). 34,35 However, the reported electrochemical methods are more time consuming (40-50 min).…”

Peroxidase-Mimicking Nanozyme with Surface-Dispersed Pt Atoms as the Label for the Lateral Flow Immunoassay of C-Reactive Protein

“…The LOD value is comparable with the values reported for electrochemical assays (i.e., 5.9 pg mL -1 and 15 pg mL -1 ). 34,35 However, the reported electrochemical methods are more time consuming (40-50 min).…”