Handgrip strength and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in relation to platelet levels among hypertensive elderly Japanese

Aim Death as a result of pneumonia is an important issue in patients with diabetes. Tongue pressure is associated with swallowing function, which has a close association with aspiration pneumonia. However, no previous studies have shown the association between sarcopenia and tongue pressure in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods In the present cross‐sectional study, we investigated body composition, handgrip strength and tongue pressure. Skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2) was defined as appendicular muscle mass / the square of the height. Sarcopenia was defined when both handgrip strength <26 kg for men and <18 kg for women, and the skeletal muscle mass index <7.0 kg/m2 for men and <5.7 kg/m2 for women existed. Results Among 144 patients (82 men, 71.4 years [SD 6.7 years]), 11.8% had sarcopenia. Tongue pressure was associated with skeletal muscle mass index and handgrip strength (r = 0.361, P < 0.001 and r = 0.387, P < 0.001, respectively, in men; and r = 0.300, P = 0.018 and r = 0.538, P < 0.001, respectively, in women). Tongue pressure was associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia after adjusting for covariates (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.06–13.9, P = 0.041). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut‐off value of handgrip strength for the presence of low tongue pressure was 27.7 kg (AUC 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.83, sensitivity 0.78, specificity 0.64) in men and 18.3 kg (AUC 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.84, sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.54) in women. Conclusions Sarcopenia, especially handgrip strength, is associated with tongue pressure in older patients with type 2 diabetes. We should consider a decrease of swallowing function when examining patients with sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 153–158.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sarcopenia is associated with tongue pressure in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study of the KAMOGAWA‐DM cohort study

Kaji

Hashimoto

Kobayashi

et al. 2018

“…In the hypertensive population, hypertensive‐induced endothelial injury might not always induce atherosclerosis, because age‐related bone marrow activities, which regulate CD‐34 positive cells and activated platelet cells, are not the same . We have previously shown that circulating CD34‐positive cells, an indicator of vascular repair in hypertension‐induced endothelial dysfunction, are associated with increased HGS in hypertensive older Japanese men .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association between atherosclerosis and handgrip strength in non‐hypertensive populations in India and Japan

Yamanashi

Kulkarni

Edwards

et al. 2018

Self Cite

AimAlthough several risk factors contribute to the development of sarcopenia, whether preclinical atherosclerosis contributes to the risk of sarcopenia is not established. The present cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate if there is an association between preclinical atherosclerosis and muscle strength among two ethnic populations.MethodsParticipants included individuals aged ≥40 years and enrolled in the third follow‐up examination of the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study, India, and in the baseline assessments of the Nagasaki Islands Study, Japan. Preclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by carotid intima‐media thickness, brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity, cardio‐ankle vascular index. The association of carotid intima‐media thickness and pulse wave velocity/cardio‐ankle vascular index with handgrip strength (HGS) was analyzed separately in the sexes and for hypertensive status from the two cohorts using a multivariable linear regression model.ResultsData on a total of 1501 participants in India and 3136 participants in Japan were analyzed. Carotid intima‐media thickness was negatively associated with HGS in non‐hypertensive Indian men (B coefficient = −5.38, P = 0.036). Arterial stiffness was also associated with HGS in non‐hypertensive Indian men (B = −0.97, P = 0.001), but not in hypertensive Indian men. Same as Indian men, we found the significant associations between arterial stiffness and HGS in non‐hypertensive women in both India and Japan (B = −0.44, P = 0.020, B = −0.63, P = 0.016, respectively), but not in hypertensive women.ConclusionsThe negative association between preclinical atherosclerosis and HGS was dominantly found in non‐hypertensive participants. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1071–1078.

“…The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI; kg/m 2 ) was calculated as follows: SMI = appendicular muscle mass (kg) / the square of the height (m 2 ). Handgrip strength was recorded as the grip strength from two measurements carried out with each hand using a handgrip dynamometer (Smedley; Takei Scientific Instruments, Niigata, Japan), and we used the maximum value . The definition of sarcopenia was based on the guidelines for sarcopenia of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, using handgrip strength and SMI .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia is associated with blood pressure variability in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study of the KAMOGAWA‐DM cohort study

Hashimoto

Kaji

Sakai

et al. 2018