This paper examines the context of scholarly knowledge production and dissemination in Brazil by comparing the
publishing practices in both Portuguese and in English of Brazilian scholars who hold a research grant, across eight fields of
knowledge. Data consists of 1,874 Curricula Vitae and the analysis focused on the language, number, and genres of publications
over a three-year period (2014 to 2016). The study revealed a clear contrast regarding the more frequent use of English by
researchers in the ‘harder’ sciences and the preference for Portuguese by those in the ‘softer’ sciences. The results also
suggested an interconnection in which scholars who published the most tended to adopt English. Multiple factors involved in the
genre and language choices made by academics were analysed, such as characteristics of the work produced by each disciplinary
community, the audience of the research, the type of language used, and the need to obtain research funding. This investigation
can potentially inform policies and investments in Brazilian higher education and research to provide continued support specific
to the needs of different disciplinary communities, as well as foster the inclusion of multilingual scholars who do not have
English as their first language in the global arena of knowledge production and dissemination.