Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients

Warren, Flynn W.

doi:10.1093/ajhp/44.8.1946

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“… 4 Iodine strongly reacts with aromatics and unsaturated compounds, while vanillin is used for many aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. 4 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iodine vapors and vanillin were used for the TLC plate visualization because they are widely available, economic, and semi-destructive. 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smartphone-based detection technology has gained popularity due to its portability and low cost compared with commercial instruments and ease of use with no need for instrumentation expert technicians. , Smartphones enable visualization of TLC plates and thus detect the presence of counterfeit drugs. Iodine vapors and vanillin were used for the TLC plate visualization because they are widely available, economic, and semi-destructive …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smartphone as a Portable Detector for Thin-Layer Chromatographic Determination of Some Gastrointestinal Tract Drugs

et al. 2022

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Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is an effective and simple technique for screening, evaluating, and quantifying low-quality and counterfeit pharmaceutical products. Smartphones have recently been used as accessible, cheap, and portable detectors that can replace more complicated analytical detectors. In this work, we have developed a simple and sensitive TLC method utilizing a smartphone charged-coupled device (CCD) camera not only to verify and quantify some gastrointestinal tract drugs, namely, loperamide hydrochloride (LOP) and bisacodyl (BIS), but also to detect acetaminophen (ACT) as a counterfeit drug. Both drugs (LOP and BIS) were chromatographed separately on a silica gel 60 F 254 plate as a stationary phase under previously reported chromatographic conditions, using ethyl acetate:methanol:ammonium hydroxide (24:3:1, by volume) and ethyl acetate:methanol:glacial acetic acid (85:10:5, by volume) as developing systems to determine LOP and BIS, respectively. Universal stains, namely, iodine vapors and vanillin, were used to visualize the spots on the TLC plates to get a visual image using the smartphone camera and a spotlight as an illumination source with no need for a UV illumination source. The spot intensity was calculated using a commercially available smartphone application for quantitative analysis of the studied drugs utilizing ″acetaminophen″ as an example of a counterfeit substance. R f values were calculated using the recorded images and found to be 0.77, 0.79, and 0.74 for LOP, BIS, and ACT, respectively, providing drug identity. Linear calibration curves using the smartphone–TLC method were obtained between the luminance and the corresponding concentrations over the ranges of 2.00–10.00 μg/mL and 1.00–10.00 μg/mL with limits of detection of 0.57 and 0.10 μg/mL for LOP and BIS, respectively. The suggested method was validated according to the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method was then successfully applied for the qualitative and quantitative determination of LOP or BIS as an example for gastrointestinal tract drugs in pure form and in their pharmaceutical dosage formulations. The proposed method is considered as a perfect alternative to traditional reported densitometric methods due to its simplicity, easy application, and inexpensiveness. No previously reported methods utilizing smartphones have been published for the determination of the studied drugs. The developed approach is considered the first TLC method using smartphones for the determination of some gastrointestinal tract drugs in their pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations.

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“… 4 Iodine strongly reacts with aromatics and unsaturated compounds, while vanillin is used for many aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. 4 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iodine vapors and vanillin were used for the TLC plate visualization because they are widely available, economic, and semi-destructive. 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smartphone as a Portable Detector for Thin-Layer Chromatographic Determination of Some Gastrointestinal Tract Drugs

et al. 2022

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“…2019) used paraffin wax [1,3,6,14,29,51]. All of these waxes are in categories as hardening agents, which are responsible for the hardness of the lipstick [108]. The differences between these waxes are their melting points: carnauba wax: 80 to 88 • C [17]; candelilla wax: ranging from 61 to 89 • C [21]; paraffin wax: various grades with different specified melting ranges are commercially available [108].…”

Section: Ingredients Of Lipstickmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these waxes are in categories as hardening agents, which are responsible for the hardness of the lipstick [108]. The differences between these waxes are their melting points: carnauba wax: 80 to 88 • C [17]; candelilla wax: ranging from 61 to 89 • C [21]; paraffin wax: various grades with different specified melting ranges are commercially available [108]. Carnauba wax is made from the leaves of the carnauba palm (Copernicia prunifera), which grows exclusively in the arid northeast of Brazil's Caatinga region (scrublands); it is a hard wax with the great melting point of natural wax and has a low solubility [109].…”

Section: Ingredients Of Lipstickmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipsticks History, Formulations, and Production: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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A considerable amount of literature has been published on several aspects of lipsticks production. To date, there is no collation of studies related to lipsticks production that has been published. This review was conducted to examine information about the history of lipsticks; ingredients used in the preparation of lipsticks, focusing on the natural and chemical ingredients; methods of preparation for the lipsticks; and the characterization of the lipsticks. A literature search for English language articles was conducted by searching electronic databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Overall, the evidence indicates that lipsticks have been used since ancient times and are among the highest demand cosmetics. The findings of this review summarize those of earlier studies that explained the use of different types of ingredients in the manufacturing processes of lipsticks. It highlights the importance of using green technology and ingredients to fabricate lipsticks to avoid potential side effects such as skin irritation and allergy reaction.

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Newly Developed Nano Sensitive Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Silver Sulphadiazine and Zinc Oxide for Voltammetric Determination of Loperamide Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation and in Human Plasma

Ibrahim

Kelani

Ramadan

et al. 2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A simple electrochemical procedure was developed for the electrochemical determination of Loperamide hydrochloride (LOP). A square wave voltammetric method was applied to determine LOP in its pure form, pharmaceutical formulation, in presence of co-administered drugs omeprazole, trimebutine, and naproxen and in human plasma. In the applied method, a newly fabricated carbon paste electrode chemically modified with silver sulfadiazine and zinc oxide was used. Experimental parameters such as pH of Britton-Robinson buffer, scan rate and applied current potential of the electrode surface were optimized. The morphological structure of the newly fabricated electrode was illustrated using transmission electron microscopy. Using Britton–Robinson buffer of pH 8.00, LOP showed an irreversible anodic peak of 0.827 V. The manufactured sensor displayed high sensitivity and optimum charge/electrode kinetic transmission. Linear calibration curve was obtained between the peak current and the corresponding concentration of LOP over the range (14.00 × 10−12 − 1.00 × 10−4 M) with low detection limit of about (4.00 × 10−12 M) indicating good sensitivity. The proposed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. The proposed sensor was also applied to determine LOP in human plasma after successfully validating the method according to the FDA bioanalytical methods guidelines. The greenness of the method was assessed using the Analytical Eco-Scale approach and the results reveal that the developed method is not only greener and uses non-hazardous chemicals than the previously reported HPLC methods for LOP determination in biological fluid but also can be used in the quality control laboratories for LOP determination in pharmaceutical formulation and in human plasma.

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Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Smartphone as a Portable Detector for Thin-Layer Chromatographic Determination of Some Gastrointestinal Tract Drugs

Smartphone as a Portable Detector for Thin-Layer Chromatographic Determination of Some Gastrointestinal Tract Drugs

Lipsticks History, Formulations, and Production: A Narrative Review

Newly Developed Nano Sensitive Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Silver Sulphadiazine and Zinc Oxide for Voltammetric Determination of Loperamide Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation and in Human Plasma

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