Halitosis: A Review of Etiology and Management

Ramdurg, Praveenkumar; Mendigeri, Vijaylaxmi

doi:10.9790/0853-13475055

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Berkumur dengan obat kumur yang mengandung essential oil memiliki efek yang panjang dalam mengurangi bakteri anaerob seperti bakteri Gram-negatif anaerob dan bakteri yang memproduksi VSCs. 4 Masyarakat umum menggunakan obat kumur sebagai tambahan selain menyikat gigi dengan harapan keadaan rongga mulut tetap terjaga salah satunya yaitu terbebas dari bau mulut. Terdapat banyak iklan di media massa yang menawarkan berbagai jenis obat kumur yaitu obat kumur yang mengandung chlorhexidine dan essential oils.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

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Perbedaan efektivitas obat kumur yang mengandung chlorhexidine dan essential oils terhadap penurunan tingkat halitosis

Pangesti

Susanti

Kusumadewi

2018

BDJ

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Background: Halitosis is a malodor comes from the oral cavity and it is quite serious problem that can cause low self-esteem to a person. Main cause of halitosis is the release of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) produced by anaerobic bacterial activity inside the oral cavity. One of the ways to overcome halitosis is using mouthwash. Available mouthwashes in market are chlorhexidine and essential oil. Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug. Its roles are as an antiseptic agent, an effective bactericidal agent against all kinds of microbe, including bacteria, yeast, and virus. An essential oils mouthwash has antimicrobial effect and prevents bacterial aggregation. Its mechanisms through bacterial cell destruction, bacterial enzyme inhibition and endotoxin extraction from Gram negative bacteria that can cause halitosis. Objective: This study aimed to know comparison effectivity between chlorhexidine and essential oil contained in mouthwash in decreases of halitosis level. Methods: Experimental method is used in this study, comprised 32 subject divided into 2 group who had criteria for inclusion. Group 1 rinsed using chlorhexidine mouthwash and group 2 rinsed using essential oils mouthwash. The measurement was done before intervention, first 20 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes. Results: Collected data was analyzed using Shapiro Wilk for normality test and non parametric Mann-Whitney for statistical hypothesis test. Result There was different effectiveness of chlorhexidine and essential oils mouthwashes in reducing halitosis level. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine is more effective in reducing halitosis compared to essential oils.

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…13 Penurunan jumlah bakteri yang signifikan oleh obat kumur yang mengandung essential oils baik pada plak dan dorsal lidah, yang menunjukkan efektivitas obat kumur tersebut dalam menurunkan plak supragingiva dan gingivitis begitu pula dengan efektivitasnya dalam mengontrol bau mulut selama periode pengujian 14 hari. 4…”

Section: Hasil Dari Tingkat Halitosisunclassified

Perbedaan efektivitas obat kumur yang mengandung chlorhexidine dan essential oils terhadap penurunan tingkat halitosis

Pangesti

Susanti

Kusumadewi

2018

BDJ

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“…The term halitosis has been used since 1930s (Ramdurg & Mendigeri 2014). Halitosis is a general term describing an unpleasant odour from oral and systemic sources (Tonzetich 1977).…”

Section: Halitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis: a case series

Ademovski

Mårtensson

Persson

et al. 2016

J Clinic Periodontology

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Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis 3 months after therapy. Material and methods Sixty‐eight adults with intra‐oral halitosis were included in a case series. Intra‐oral halitosis was evaluated at baseline, and at 3 months after treatment using the organoleptic scores (OLS), Halimeter®, and a gas chromatograph. Results Significant reductions for OLS (p < 0.01), total sum of volatile sulphur compounds (T‐VSC) (p < 0.01) and methyl mercaptan (MM) (p < 0.05) values were found after treatment. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) levels were not significantly reduced. The numbers of probing pockets 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm were significantly reduced as a result of therapy (p < 0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001). For the 34 individuals with successful periodontal treatment (BOP<20% and a ≥50% reduction of total pocket depth) reductions in OLS (p < 0.01) and T‐VSC scores (p < 0.01) were found. Eleven individuals were considered effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis presenting with a T‐VSC value <160 ppb, a H2S value <112 ppb and a MM value <26 ppb. Conclusion Non‐surgical periodontal therapy resulted in reduction of OLS, MM and T‐VSC values 3 months after therapy. Few individuals were considered as effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis.

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Halitosis: A Review of Etiology and Management

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Perbedaan efektivitas obat kumur yang mengandung chlorhexidine dan essential oils terhadap penurunan tingkat halitosis

Perbedaan efektivitas obat kumur yang mengandung chlorhexidine dan essential oils terhadap penurunan tingkat halitosis

The effect of periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis: a case series

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