The effect of periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis: a case series

Abstract

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on intra‐oral halitosis 3 months after therapy. Material and methods Sixty‐eight adults with intra‐oral halitosis were included in a case series. Intra‐oral halitosis was evaluated at baseline, and at 3 months after treatment using the organoleptic scores (OLS), Halimeter®, and a gas chromatograph. Results Significant reductions for OLS (p < 0.01), total sum of volatile sulphur compounds (T‐VSC) (p < 0.01) and methyl mercaptan (MM) (p < 0.05) values were found after treatment. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) levels were not significantly reduced. The numbers of probing pockets 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm were significantly reduced as a result of therapy (p < 0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001). For the 34 individuals with successful periodontal treatment (BOP<20% and a ≥50% reduction of total pocket depth) reductions in OLS (p < 0.01) and T‐VSC scores (p < 0.01) were found. Eleven individuals were considered effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis presenting with a T‐VSC value <160 ppb, a H2S value <112 ppb and a MM value <26 ppb. Conclusion Non‐surgical periodontal therapy resulted in reduction of OLS, MM and T‐VSC values 3 months after therapy. Few individuals were considered as effectively treated for intra‐oral halitosis.

The long‐term effect of a zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate containing mouth rinse on intra‐oral halitosis—A randomized clinical trial

“…When using a combination of Halimeter ® registrations (T‐VSC values below 160 ppb) with the values used to define intra‐oral halitosis by the OralChroma ™ (H 2 S value < 112 ppb and MM of <26 ppb), a definition used to define successful outcome in two of our previous publications (Ademovski et al., ; Erovic Ademovski, Mårtensson, et al., ), nine individuals were considered as effectively treated. If on the other hand, only the values recommended by the OralChroma ™ were used as the cut of points for intra‐oral halitosis, 17 of 22 could be considered effectively treated.…”

“…Oral malodour has traditionally been assessed by OLS and objec- (Ademovski et al, 2013;Erovic Ademovski, Mårtensson, et al, 2016), nine individuals were considered as effectively treated. If on the other hand, only the values recommended by the OralChroma™ were used as the cut of points for intra-oral halitosis, 17 of 22 could be considered effectively treated.…”

“…There is limited evidence for the use of a tongue scraper in the treatment of intra-oral halitosis (Slot, De Geest, van der Weijden, & Quirynen, 2015). Although the beneficial effect of periodontal therapy has been shown, it does not reduce intra-oral halitosis to acceptable levels for everyone (Erovic Ademovski, Mårtensson, Persson, & Renvert, 2016& Kara, Demir, Orbak, & Tezel, 2008Kara, Tezel, & Orbak, 2006;Pham et al, 2011;Tsai et al, 2008). Although intra-oral halitosis was reduced after nonsurgical periodontal treatment, many individuals needed additional treatment for their intra-oral halitosis.…”

The effect of a tooth/tongue gel and mouthwash regimen on morning oral malodour

“…Hydrogen sulphide is a major component of physiological oral malodour, whereas methyl mercaptan is a cause of pathological oral halitosis . A recent clinical study defined the following threshold values for successfully treated oral malodour: a hydrogen sulphide value <112 ppb and a methyl mercaptan value <26 ppb. The Halimeter manufacturer proposed that values between 90 ppb and 140 ppb should be considered normal.…”

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“…In case of a periodontal origin, a periodontal treatment (including tongue cleaning) will give an excellent result, whereas if the odor originates of the ENT region, a tonsillectomy can eventually causes relief. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Only in the case of halitophobia, a clear cut result is unlikely. 17 Halitophobia is the fear of halitosis: the fear of having bad breath that others will find offensive.…”