Half-symmetric cavity tunable microelectromechanical VCSEL with single spatial mode

Tayebati, P.; Wang, Peidong; Vakhshoori, D.; Lu, Chih-Cheng; Azimi, M.; Sacks, R. N.

doi:10.1109/68.730467

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although little previous work has focused specifically on MEMS-tunable VCSOAs (MT-VCSOAs), a number of research groups have developed a variety of other MEMS-tunable vertical-cavity devices, including VCSELs [7], [8], [13]- [15], resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes (RCLEDs) [16], asymmetric FP modulators [17], and vertical-cavity filters [18]. The majority of these structures have utilized electrostatic tuning, although thermal tuning is also frequently used [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS-tunable vertical-cavity SOAs

Cole

Bjorlin

Chen

et al. 2005

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-We present the signal gain, wavelength tuning characteristics, saturation properties, and noise figure (NF) of MEMS-based widely tunable vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs) for various optical cavity designs, and we compare the theoretical results to data generated from a number of experimental devices. Using general Fabry-Pérot relationships, it is possible to model both the wavelength tuning characteristics and the peak signal gain of tunable vertical-cavity amplifiers, while a rate-equation analysis is used to describe the saturation output power and NF as a function of the VCSOA resonant wavelength. Additionally, the basic design principles for an integrated electrostatic actuator are outlined. It is found that MEMS-tunable VCSOAs follow many of the same design trends as fixed-wavelength devices. However, with tunable devices, the effects of varying mirror reflectance and varying single-pass gain associated with the MEMS-based tuning mechanism lead to changing amplifier properties over the wavelength span of the device.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS-tunable vertical-cavity SOAs

Cole

Bjorlin

Chen

et al. 2005

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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“…The small-mode-volume cavity considered here provides the bandwidth necessary to accommodate the short optical pulses and additionally offers a large optomechanical coupling rate. One technical challenge associated with these microcavities is fabrication with sufficient tolerance to achieve the desired optical resonance (under the assumption of a limited range of working wavelength), however this can be overcome by incorporating electrically controlled tunability of the cavity length (50,52,53). For a mechanical resonator with eigenfrequency ω M ∕2π ¼ 500 kHz and effective mass m ¼ 10 ng, the mechanical groundstate size is x 0 ¼ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ℏ∕mω M p ≃ 1.8 fm and optomechanical coupling proceeds at g 0 ∕2π ¼ ω c ðx 0 ∕ ffiffi ffi 2 p LÞ∕2π ≃ 86 kHz, where ω c is the mean cavity frequency and L is the mean cavity length.…”

Section: Experimental Feasibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed quantum optomechanics

Vanner

Pikovski

Cole

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

277

355

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Studying mechanical resonators via radiation pressure offers a rich avenue for the exploration of quantum mechanical behavior in a macroscopic regime. However, quantum state preparation and especially quantum state reconstruction of mechanical oscillators remains a significant challenge. Here we propose a scheme to realize quantum state tomography, squeezing, and state purification of a mechanical resonator using short optical pulses. The scheme presented allows observation of mechanical quantum features despite preparation from a thermal state and is shown to be experimentally feasible using optical microcavities. Our framework thus provides a promising means to explore the quantum nature of massive mechanical oscillators and can be applied to other systems such as trapped ions.optomechanics | quantum measurement | squeezed states C oherent quantum mechanical phenomena, such as entanglement and superposition, are not apparent in the macroscopic realm. It is currently held that on large scales quantum mechanical behavior is masked by decoherence (1) or that quantum mechanical laws may even require modification (2-5). Despite substantial experimental advances, see for example ref. 6, probing this regime remains extremely challenging. Recently however, it has been proposed to utilize the precision and control of quantum optical fields in order to investigate the quantum nature of massive mechanical resonators by means of the radiation-pressure interaction (7-13). Quantum state preparation and the ability to probe the dynamics of mechanical oscillators, the most rigorous method being quantum state tomography, are essential for such investigations. These important elements have been experimentally realized for various quantum systems, e.g., light (14, 15), trapped ions (16, 17), atomic ensemble spin (18,19), and intracavity microwave fields (20). By contrast, an experiment realizing both quantum state preparation and tomography of a mechanical resonator is yet to be achieved. Also, schemes that can probe quantum features without full tomography [e.g., (9, 10, 21)] are similarly challenging. In nanoelectromechanics, cooling of resonator motion and preparation of the ground state have been observed (22, 23) but quantum state reconstruction (24) remains outstanding. In cavity optomechanics significant experimental progress has been made towards quantum state control over mechanical resonators (11-13), which includes classical phase-space monitoring (25,26), laser cooling close to the ground state (27, 28), and low noise continuous measurement of mechanically induced phase fluctuations (29-31). Still, quantum state preparation is technically difficult primarily due to thermal bath coupling and weak radiation-pressure interaction strength, and quantum state reconstruction remains little explored. Thus far, a common theme in proposals for mechanical state reconstruction is state transfer to and then read-out of an auxillary quantum system (32)(33)(34)(35). This technique is a technically demanding approach and remains a c...

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“…Promising research into wavelength-tunable VCSEL's is currently being conducted by researchers at Stanford University 4 -8 as well as others. 19,20 The Stanford researchers are producing VCSEL's that include a deformable membrane as the top mirror of the laser cavity. This membrane can be adjusted continuously with electrostatic charge, which adjusts the dimensions of the laser cavity.…”

Section: A Wavelength-tunable Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-optical crossbar switch using wavelength division multiplexing and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Webb

Louri

1999

Appl. Opt.

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A design for an all-optical crossbar network utilizing wavelength-tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser ͑VCSEL͒ technology and a combination of free-space optics and compact optical waveguides is presented. Polymer waveguides route the optical signals from a spatially distributed array of processors to a central free-space optical crossbar, producing a passive, all-optical, fully connected crossbar network directly from processor to processor. The analyzed network could, relatively inexpensively, connect local clusters of tightly integrated processors. In addition, it is also believed that such a network could be extended, with wavelength reuse, to connect much larger numbers of processors in a multicluster network.

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Half-symmetric cavity tunable microelectromechanical VCSEL with single spatial mode

Cited by 70 publications

References 5 publications

MEMS-tunable vertical-cavity SOAs

MEMS-tunable vertical-cavity SOAs

Pulsed quantum optomechanics

All-optical crossbar switch using wavelength division multiplexing and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

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