“…The South African society has one of the highest rates of gender-based violence against women in the world (Durbach, 1999 ; Gender Links & Medical Research Council, 2011 ; Jewkes et al, 2010 ; Mpani, 2015 ; Plaatje, 2007 ). Gender-based violence is complex and refers to a vast range of violations perpetrated against women in defence of patriarchal traditional values, gendered hierarchy and sex-role expectations that uphold society’s control over feminine and gender-nonconforming persons (Grootboom, 2016 ; Kiguwa et al, 2015 ; Mazars et al, 2013 ; Mkhize et al, 2010 ; Mpani, 2015 ). Gender-based violence against women is endemic in South Africa (Borer, 2009 ; Durbach, 1999 ; Gqola, 2015 ; Plaatje, 2007 ).…”