Half a Story? Missing Perspectives in the Criminological Accounts of British Muslim Communities, Crime and the Criminal Justice System

The disjuncture between confidence and cooperation: Police contact amongst Polish migrants and established residents

“…The results showed firstly that, despite claims that immigrant and minority groups are more often alienated from local institutions and are less likely to express positive evaluations of the police, Polish migrants in Crewe are in fact found to have greater confidence than local residents in the local police. Although this may seem to go against the plethora of established literature demonstrating police discrimination and a lack of trust amongst ethnic minority groups, it is in line with a recent and growing trend of literature on European immigrants (Hargreaves, 2015; Karstedt, 2010). For example, the current findings support those of Roder and Muhlau (2012: 372), who found that those who migrated from a country whose institutions were characterized by corruption showed higher levels of trust in the host country’s public institutions.…”

Islamophobia and the Problematization of Mosques: A Critical Exploration of Hate Crimes and the Symbolic Function of “Old” and “New” Mosques in the United Kingdom

“…Like the CST service, MAMA also collates and subsequently publishes its data as a means of establishing a more comprehensive picture of the scale and prevalence of Islamophobic attacks. This is a welcome development because as Hargreaves 27 rightly notes, data relating to Islamophobic hate crime has historically been as weak as it has been problematic. While MAMA's data is still embryonic, it is expected over the next half decade a more robust picture will begin to emerge thereby going some way towards addressing the somewhat disparate data that currently exists.…”

Political Approaches to Tackling Islamophobia: An ‘Insider/Outsider’ Analysis of the British Coalition Government’s Approach between 2010–15

“…An example of this can be seen in the EHRC's reluctance to disaggregate cases of discrimination reported to it on the basis of religion or belief in the same way it does in relation to 'race' and ethnicity. Not only does this contribute towards a general lack of clarity about the true scale and prevalence of Islamophobia (Hargreaves 2014), but so too does it suggest that not all discriminatory phenomena have been similarly and equitably responded to in terms of the historical and contemporary British settings.…”

“…The first relates to the fact that in the wake of the 7/7 terrorist attacks on the London public transport system in July 2005, there was a sharp increase in the number of street-level hate crimes targeting British Muslims in everyday settings (Chakraborti and Zempi 2012;Zempi and Chakraborti 2014;Allen 2015). While the prevalence of such hate crimes was extremely difficult to quantify at the time given the lack of any formal monitoring mechanisms being in place (Hargreaves 2014), anecdotal evidence suggests that the problem was significant enough to make politicians believe that an appropriate response was necessary (Allen 2013c). This has been further reinforced by the fact that since 7/7, similar patterns have been evident after almost all terrorist attacks where the perpetrators either self-identify as Muslim, or claim to act in the 'name of Islam'.…”