Half a Century of Polystyrene—A Survey of the Chemistry and Physics of a Pioneering Material

Echte, Adolf; Haaf, Franz; Hambrecht, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/anie.198103441

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…Panel (a) in Figure 8 represents the PB phase structure of the R‐ABS, and the PB phase is coated with the SAN phase. The ESBS cannot be etched, while the PB phase can be etched, [ 58 ] so the pit is the PB phase and the bulge is the ESBS phase. Panel (b) in Figure 8 represents the ESBS phase in the ESBS/R‐ABS, and panel (c) represents the PB phase in ESBS/R‐ABS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chain Extension, Phase Interface Reparation and Mechanical Property of Recycled Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene by Epoxidized Styrene‐Butadiene‐Styrene

Shu

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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For ABS, the styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) block copolymer phase is the matrix phase, polybutadiene (PB) phase is the disperse phase, and styrene-acrylonitrile block copolymer grafted polybutadiene (SAN-g-PB) is the compatibilizer. [9] From the viewpoint of processing, ABS from the discarded products can be processed repeatedly for reuse. [10] However, as a result of aging arising from the service, the mechanical properties of recycled ABS (R-ABS) are usually inferior to virgin ABS (V-ABS), especially the decreased impact strength. This limits the application and reuse of R-ABS. [10] Recycling is an efficient way to manage and treat waste plastics. It has been a significant section of industry since plastics now involve every aspect of our living. [11-25] The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) have standardized the classification and there are four main techniques for recycling waste plastics. These include reuse (primary), mechanical recycling (secondary), chemical recycling (tertiary), and energy recovery (quaternary). [26-28] Plastic recycling is a valuable practice to save 20-50% from the point of market price in comparison with their virgin counterparts. [29,30] However, lots of recycled The demand for processing recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer plastics (R-ABS) grows fast. Herein, epoxidized styrene-butadienestyrene (ESBS) with reactive groups including polybutadiene (PB) phase, epoxidized polybutadiene (EPB) phase and polystyrene phase is prepared by modifying SBS with an in situ peroxyformic acid method. Both chain extension and phase interface reparation of R-ABS are successfully reported by simple melt blending. Compared with R-ABS, when ESBS content is 15 wt%, the average molecular weight (M w) of the ESBS/R-ABS is increased from 118.01 to 612.51 kDa. The particle size of the dispersed phase is decreased obviously. The compatibility between these two phases became better. The average notch impact strength of R-ABS is 5.72 kJ m −2. When the ESBS content is 15 wt%, the average notch impact strength of ESBS/R-ABS reaches 13.90 kJ m −2 , which is increased by 143% compared with that of R-ABS. The notch impact strength of ESBS/R-ABS is close to that of virgin ABS. The reported high-value usage of R-ABS has a great potential for industrial-scale applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chain Extension, Phase Interface Reparation and Mechanical Property of Recycled Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene by Epoxidized Styrene‐Butadiene‐Styrene

Shu

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…The synthesis of stereoregular syndiotactic styrenic polymers has received great attention over the last few decades due to their wide range of applications. − For instance, Ishihara et al used a trivalent mono(cyclopentadienyl)titanium catalyst to prepare syndiotactic polystyrene that exhibited high heat and solvent resistance, a high melting temperature (around 265 °C), improved dielectric constant and crystallinity, and low gas permeability. Isotactic polystyrene (iPS) has received less attention mainly because it has a much lower crystallization rate, which is disadvantageous in processing by extrusion or injection molding techniques. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Isotactic Poly(p-methylstyrene): Precise Synthesis via Catalytic Polymerization and Crystallization Studies

Valencia

Pfohl

et al. 2019

Macromolecules

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The synthesis of stereoregular styrenic polymers on single-site catalysts has received great attention over the last decades; however, little is known with respect to tailoring fully isotactic poly(p-methylstyrene) (iPpMS). Here, we demonstrate that isospecific coordination polymerization of p-methylstyrene can be achieved in the presence of the catalyst dichloro[1,4-dithiabutanediyl-2,20-bis(4,6-di-tert-butyl-phenoxy)]titanium activated by methylaluminoxane. Moreover, iPpMS has been assumed to be noncrystallizable for decades, as X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter measurements of powder samples failed to reveal a well-defined crystal structure. However, we successfully generated dendritic crystals of iPpMS from dilute solutions by carefully controlling the evaporation rate of the solvent. The crystal morphology was studied by optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In situ heating experiments of dendritic crystals allowed us to measure the melting temperature of iPpMS crystals. Moreover, a vapor annealing process was carried out to prepare multilamellar crystals for small-angle X-ray scattering measurements to characterize the spacing and orientation of the formed crystalline lamellae.

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“…Similarly, Bishop and Register combined living cyclooctene ROMP with subsequent catalytic hydrogenation to tailor thermoplastic elastomers containing crystalline‐glassy hard polyethylene domains within the amorphous PS matrix . Notably, both free‐radical and anionic styrene polymerizations yield amorphous atactic polystyrenes with applications ranging from polystyrene commodity thermoplastics to styrenic engineering plastics such as HIPS, SAN, ABS, and even thermoplastic elastomers such as SBS and SEBS . Much less is known with respect to semicrystalline rubber block copolymers containing crystallizable isotactic polystyrene (iPS) or syndiotactic polystyrene segments, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semicrystalline rubber diblock copolymers via cyclooctene ROMP and chain transfer with vinyl-terminated isotactic polystyrene

Kirschvink

Gall

Vielhauer

et al. 2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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INTRODUCTION Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) represents a versatile synthetic method enabling molecular engineering of a wide variety of polymeric materials for diversified applications. 1,2 Owing to the robustness of the ruthenium-based Grubbs' catalysts, 3,4 both non-polar cyclic olefin monomers and monomers bearing functional groups are tolerated in the ROMP process. The most common ROMP monomers include cyclic olefins such as cyclooctene, [5][6][7][8][9] and norbornene derivatives. [10][11][12] Today, the ROMP process is of particular interest in block and graft copolymer synthesis. semicrystalline polybutadiene-block-isotactic polystyrene (iPS) as semicrystalline rubber block copolymers by means of the living styrene/butadiene copolymerization on isospecific titanate complexes using sequenced feed of styrene and butadiene. Herein, we report on the synthesis of polycyclooctene-b-iPS (PCO-b-iPS) copolymers prepared by means of cyclooctene ROMP using vinyl-terminated iPS (vinyl-iPS) as the CTA, which is readily available by isospecific styrene polymerization in the presence of 1,9-decadiene. EXPERIMENTAL MaterialsAll reactions involving air-and/or moisture-sensitive compounds were carried out under a dry argon atmosphere using standard Schlenk techniques and a glove box (MBraun MB 150B-G-II). Ethyl vinyl ether (99%), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and the Grubbs first Generation Catalyst benzylidene-bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium (G1) were purchased from Sigma and used as received. Ciscyclooctene (Sigma) was dried over CaH 2 and distilled under reduced pressure. Toluene (Sigma) was purified by using a Vacuum Atmospheres Co. solvent purifier. Vinyl-iPS was synthesized with the methylaluminoxane-activated metallocene

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Half a Century of Polystyrene—A Survey of the Chemistry and Physics of a Pioneering Material

Cited by 20 publications

References 189 publications

Chain Extension, Phase Interface Reparation and Mechanical Property of Recycled Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene by Epoxidized Styrene‐Butadiene‐Styrene

Chain Extension, Phase Interface Reparation and Mechanical Property of Recycled Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene by Epoxidized Styrene‐Butadiene‐Styrene

Fully Isotactic Poly(p-methylstyrene): Precise Synthesis via Catalytic Polymerization and Crystallization Studies

Semicrystalline rubber diblock copolymers via cyclooctene ROMP and chain transfer with vinyl-terminated isotactic polystyrene

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