Hair snaring and molecular genetic identification for reconstructing the spatial structure of Eurasian lynx populations

Davoli, Francesca; Schmidt, Krzysztof; Kowalczyk, Rafał; Randi, Ettore

doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2012.06.003

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Comparison of the experimental genotypes to the assumed true genotype allowed us to determine that incorrect genotypes were predominantly the consequence of allelic dropout and, to a lesser degree, of false alleles. This is consistent with other reports from the literature for samples with low DNA quantity and quality (e.g., Sefc et al 2003;Adams and Waits 2007;Muñoz-Fuentes et al 2010;Davoli et al 2013;Frosch et al 2014). Our data showed that while allelic dropout was most common in samples collected 1 and 24 h since predator exposure, false alleles appeared mostly in samples collected after 48 h. We found that the largest decrease in amplification success and obtaining a complete genotype occurred between 24 and 48 h after predator exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Experimental evaluation of genetic predator identification from saliva traces on wildlife kills

Harms¹,

Nowak²,

Carl³

et al. 2015

JMAMMAL

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Identification of predators from saliva traces on game species and/or livestock kills is gaining increasing importance in wildlife management, particularly in areas where direct wildlife-human conflicts regularly occur. When the noninvasive sampling of hairs and scats is difficult, as with rare and elusive predators, saliva samples constitute a potentially useful source of DNA. To test the feasibility of this approach in obtaining an accurate genotype of the predator, we applied an experimental approach. Captive wolves (Canis lupus) and lynxes (Lynx lynx) were allowed to feed on freshly killed roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) pieces for 1 min. After removal, pieces were sampled for saliva traces after 1, 24, and 48 h. Microsatellite analysis revealed that error rates and amplification failure increased sharply over time. While samples collected after 1 and 24 h yielded > 83% complete genotypes, values dropped to < 50% for samples collected after 48 h, of which 7% were incorrect even when consensus genotypes from 9 polymerase chain reactions were obtained. Our results stress the importance of rapid sampling after carcass detection, as well as implementing a multiple-tubes approach when using microsatellite markers for genetic predator identification based on saliva traces.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Experimental evaluation of genetic predator identification from saliva traces on wildlife kills

Harms¹,

Nowak²,

Carl³

et al. 2015

JMAMMAL

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“…Davoli et al. () recently showed for another carnivore that the spatial configuration of noninvasive genetic samples reflects area use. These authors estimated an 86% overlap between noninvasive genetic sampling (using hair snares) and VHF‐derived home ranges of Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), yet, surprisingly few studies have constructed home ranges or territories from the locations of genetic samples (Davoli et al. ; Caniglia et al. ; to some degree Taberlet et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. spatial behavior was pointed out early on (Kohn and Wayne 1997;Kohn et al 1999), yet, surprisingly few studies have constructed home ranges or territories from the locations of genetic samples (Davoli et al 2013;Caniglia et al 2014; to some degree Taberlet et al 1997). We are not aware of any studies attempting to quantify territoriality/territorial exclusion based solely on the spatial information contained in genetic sampling data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noninvasive genetic sampling reveals intrasex territoriality in wolverines

Bischof

Gregersen

Brøseth

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Due to its conspicuous manifestations and its capacity to shape the configuration and dynamics of wild populations, territorial behavior has long intrigued ecologists. Territoriality and other animal interactions in situ have traditionally been studied via direct observations and telemetry. Here, we explore whether noninvasive genetic sampling, which is increasingly supplementing traditional field methods in ecological research, can reveal territorial behavior in an elusive carnivore, the wolverine (Gulo gulo). Using the locations of genotyped wolverine scat samples collected annually over a period of 12 years in central Norway, we test three predictions: (1) male home ranges constructed from noninvasive genetic sampling data are larger than those of females, (2) individuals avoid areas used by other conspecifics of the same sex (intrasexual territoriality), and (3) avoidance of same‐sex territories diminishes or disappears after the territory owner's death. Each of these predictions is substantiated by our results: sex‐specific differences in home range size and intrasexual territoriality in wolverine are patently reflected in the spatial and temporal configuration of noninvasively collected genetic samples. Our study confirms that wildlife monitoring programs can utilize the spatial information in noninvasive genetic sampling data to detect and quantify home ranges and social organization.

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“…We investigated all cases of lynx mortalities that were found in the Białowieża Primeval Forest and its vicinities during the telemetry study (using both VHF and GPS transmitters) conducted in 1991-2011 Schmidt 2008;Davoli et al 2013;Schmidt K. and Kowalczyk R. unpublished results). The telemetry data were used to calculate the survival and mortality rates, whereas the data on casualties of both collared and uncollared lynx were used for analyses of mortality sources and spatial distribution.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Edge effect and influence of economic growth on Eurasian lynx mortality in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

2014

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Eurasian lynx is one of most widely distributed felid species. However, populations in central Europe are strongly fragmented and limited to forest areas, which may influence their sustainability and gene flow. We studied the edge effect on mortality of a highly isolated population of Eurasian lynx in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (NE Poland) during the 20-year period (1991-2011) of high economic development in Poland. Based on radio-tracking data collected in 1991-1996 (low gross national income per capita; low GNI PC) and 2004-2011 (high GNI PC) and recorded mortality cases, we analysed annual rates and causes of mortality and spatial distribution of death sites relative to the distance from the forest edge. We found significantly higher mortality of lynx during the low GNI PC phase of the economic growth than during high GNI PC (33 and 16 %, respectively). While anthropogenic factors played a dominant role in lynx mortality during low GNI PC, natural factors prevailed afterwards. We found a significantly higher proportion of lynx deaths than expected in the edge and outer zone than in the core of the Białowieża Forest. Both areas differ significantly in the proportions of mortality causes with anthropogenic factors being the main source of mortality in the outer zone. Our results indicate that the decline of lynx mortality in Poland could be related to the improving of the economic situation in the country after the collapse of communism and reduced significance of anthropogenic factors (mainly poaching).Additionally, the outskirts of the forest may function as population sinks, which may reduce the dispersal of lynx and gene flow between populations inhabiting different forest patches.

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Hair snaring and molecular genetic identification for reconstructing the spatial structure of Eurasian lynx populations

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Experimental evaluation of genetic predator identification from saliva traces on wildlife kills

Experimental evaluation of genetic predator identification from saliva traces on wildlife kills

Noninvasive genetic sampling reveals intrasex territoriality in wolverines

Edge effect and influence of economic growth on Eurasian lynx mortality in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

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