Hair growth potential of Salvia plebeia extract and its associated mechanisms

Abstract

Context: Although Salvia plebeia (SP) R. Brown (Labiatae) is known to possess various biological activities, the effects of SP on hair growth have not been elucidated. Objective: To investigate the hair growth potential of SP extract by using human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and C57BL/6 mice. Materials and methods: The entire SP plant sample was ground into powder and extracted with 99.9% methyl alcohol. Various concentrations of SP extract were added to hDPCs to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and factors related to hair growth and cycling. Effect of topical SP administration on hair regrowth was tested in vivo in male C57BL/6 mice for 21 days. Results: SP extract significantly increased the proliferation of cultured hDPCs at doses of 15.6 and 31.3 lg/mL compared to control group by 123% and 132%, respectively. Expression of hepatocyte growth factor increased while the level of TGF-b1 and SMAD2/3 decreased when treated with SP extract. At the molecular level, the extract activated Wnt/b-catenin signalling by raising b-catenin and phospho-GSK3b expression. SP extract also exerted anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects in hDPCs by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and activating cell proliferation-related proteins, ERK and Akt. Finally, the extract caused an induction of the anagen phase leading to significantly enhanced hair growth in treated male mice. Discussion and conclusion: Our results indicate that SP extract has the capacity to activate hDPCs into a proliferative state to promote hair growth. Further research is necessary to determine the bioactive components and their mechanisms of action responsible for SP-related hair growth effect.

Hair Growth Promotion Effect of Nelumbinis Semen Extract with High Antioxidant Activity

“…Previous studies have shown that when the expression of TGF- β 1 is increased, hair follicle proliferation is not completed and hair follicle regeneration is reduced, resulting in thin, short hair [ 46 ]. This study found that the mRNA expression of TGF- β 1 was significantly lower in the NS extract group than in the NC group, which is consistent with previous studies on the hair-growth-promoting effects of Salvia plebeian extracts and Laminaria japonica extracts [ 26 , 47 ]. Based on these results, we confirmed that NS extract improves hair growth by increasing the expression of hair growth-promoting cytokines such as VEGF and IGF-1, while also reducing the expression of TGF- β 1, which inhibits hair growth.…”

“…purpurascens extract led to cell proliferation rates below 85% at 156.3 and 62.5 ppm [ 24 ], respectively, and were, therefore, considered cytotoxic. Similarly, a Salvia plebeia extract substantially reduced cell proliferation rates at 125 ppm [ 26 ]. In other words, most plant extracts have been found to be toxic at high concentrations; however, the NS extracts in this study were found to be nontoxic at concentrations as high as 250 ppm, and cell proliferation rates exceeded 85% at all tested concentrations (3.91–250 ppm).…”

“…The backs of the mice were shaved with animal clippers at 7 weeks of age. Afterward, 200 μ l DMSO, 200 μ l of NS extract (1,000 ppm), or 3% minoxidil was administered daily on the dorsal skin for 3 weeks using a brush, as described in previous studies [ 23 , 24 , 26 ]. At 21 days, the mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of 1.2% avertin to obtain dorsal skin samples.…”

Effects of Decursin and Angelica gigas Nakai Root Extract on Hair Growth in Mouse Dorsal Skin via Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines

“…To examine alterations in the epidermis and dermis, including hair follicles in each group, H and E staining was done according to a previous study [27]. Briefly, the prepared sections were stained with a hematoxylin solution and an eosin solution in consecutive order.…”

Modulation of Hair Growth Promoting Effect by Natural Products

“…It is reported to contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other nutrients [169]. SP extract enhanced the proliferation of hHFDPC and increased the TCF/LEF-luciferase activity as well as the level of β-catenin protein expression [46]. The use of hair tonics, including Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) extract, showed an increase in total hair count for 12 weeks in a clinical study.…”