Hail in Southwestern France. I: Hailfall Characteristics and Hailstrom Environment

Dessens, Jean

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0035:hisfih>2.0.co;2

Cited by 56 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…In the United Kingdom, June and July are the peak months for severe hail, although hail can occur year-round (Webb et al 2001). The same kind of behavior is found from southwestern France for any hail size (Dessens 1986;Fraile et al 2003). Hail (all hail sizes) is most common in June in northeastern Italy (Giaiotti et al 2003) and in MayJune in Greece (Kotinis-Zambakas 1989).…”

Section: B Monthly Distributionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In the Po River Valley in north-central Italy, the largest hailstones were at least 10 cm in diameter (Morgan 1973). The size distribution of maximum hailstone diameters in France showed that approximately 50% of 5100 cases were smaller than 2 cm, the largest being 8 cm in diameter (Dessens 1986). The same dataset also showed that the frequency of 4 cm or larger hailstones varied between 5% and 20%, depending on the location.…”

Section: Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, many climatological studies in Europe are related to hail-pad reports that record all hail sizes, not just the larger severe-hail cases (2 cm in diameter or larger). Third, most climatologies (e.g., Dessens 1986;Sá nchez 1996;Giaiotti et al 2003;Schuster et al 2005) examine only a small part of each country because of the vulnerability of agriculture or the location of a hailpad network, for example. Consequently, the number of nationwide hail climatologies is relatively few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatology of Severe Hail in Finland: 1930–2006

et al. 2009

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Section: B Monthly Distributionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatology of Severe Hail in Finland: 1930–2006

et al. 2009

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“…Large hail is confined to the seasonal peak period (Doswell, 1985;Kelly et al, 1985). In Colorado, large and giant hail peak in mid-summer (June and July), which is also the case for all hail in June for the southwest of France (Maddox et al, 1981;Dessens, 1986). A comparative study of hailstorms by Admirat et al (1985) reveals that the most active hail fall periods are during June and July in Switzerland and Canada, and in November in South Africa.…”

Section: Comparison Of Nsw Monthly Hail Frequencies With Internationamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Australia has a short history of climatological hail research compared with other countries, such as Canada (Wojtiw, 1975), the USA (Changnon, 1977), France (Dessens, 1986), Switzerland (Federer et al, 1986) and South Africa (Carte, 1966a, b;Held, 1974;Carte and Held, 1978). However, reports of individual severe or damaging hailstorms in Australia appear regularly, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hail climatology of the greater Sydney area and New South Wales, Australia

2005

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The use of a multifactor Southern Oscillation Index for the estimation of annual hailstorm frequencies in the Sydney area

Kuhnel

1998

Int. J. Climatol.

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Relationships between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and hailfall activity in the Sydney area were investigated with the help of a newly compiled Natural Hazards Research Centre (NHRC) hailfall database. The original hail data, which contain a record of all hailstone sizes for the period 1791 -1994, were stratified into the form of (monthly, seasonal) annual hailday sums for the period 1935 -1994 and cross-correlated with the SOI values stratified accordingly. With the exception of a marginally significant value for the month of November (r= 0.26) no other significant simultaneous or lagged correlations were found between these two types of variables. A multifactor SOI was then developed as a possible indicator of the annual (June to May) hailstorm frequencies. The new three-factor SOI is composed of the sum of two SOI gradients (the differences between the October and June SOI values, and the November and February SOI values, respectively), minus the absolute value of the SOI average for the second half of the year. It is shown that high annual hailstorm activity tends to be associated with a high value of this index. High index values are generally reached during years marked by a rising SOI from June to November and a trend towards negative SOI values thereafter. It is suggested that this reversal of the relationship between the hail activity and the SOI can be attributed to similar changes observable in (low and high level) geopotential height anomalies over the area. The multifactor SOI leads to correlations of 0.6 (0.8) with the 1935 -1994 (1985 -1994) time series of annual hailday numbers. The three-factor index has more of a monitoring than a predictive quality (as it relies on the SOI values for the June to February period), whereas a subset index, consisting of the first and third component only, can have a predictive character. The latter partial index relies on the June to October data only and leads to nearly as high correlations with the annual hailday sums as the entire three-factor index (r=0.4 -0.8). The stepwise development of the multifactor SOI is based on a multiple categorisation of the annual (seasonal) hailday numbers into several broad SOI categories according to the magnitude of the concurrent SOI values. Further details about the characteristics of these indices and their association with hailfall activity are described.

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Hail in Southwestern France. I: Hailfall Characteristics and Hailstrom Environment

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Climatology of Severe Hail in Finland: 1930–2006

Climatology of Severe Hail in Finland: 1930–2006

A hail climatology of the greater Sydney area and New South Wales, Australia

The use of a multifactor Southern Oscillation Index for the estimation of annual hailstorm frequencies in the Sydney area

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