Haemostasis and fibrinolysis in human normal placentae: possible role in early pregnancy failure

Immunotherapy for Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion and its Analogies to Treatment for Cancer

“…More recently evidence for such a response is rapidly accumulating in three major areas: 1) maternal production ofidiotypic (Ab1) and antiidiotypic (Ab2) antibodies directed toward trophoblastic antigens"; 2) immunohistologic studies showing that placentae from normal pregnancies manifest immunopathologic responses known as villitis, which are similar to immunopathologic responses existing in transplanted human organs"; and 3) data demonstrating that human pregnancy initiates coagulation and fibrinolysis'' just as occurs in other allogeneic reactions, such as renal allografts," The suggestion that these immunologic responses are involved in the mechanisms of recurrent spontaneous abortion is supported by the following observations: 1) some individuals suffering from recurrent spontaneous abortion contain an idiotypic (Ab1) but not an antiidiotypic (Ab2) antibody directed toward trophoblastic antigens"; 2) placentae from recurrent spontaneous abortions show an increase amount of villitis compared with normal first trimester placentae in some instances and a decrease in others'"; and 3) some abnormal pregnancies are associated with increase in coagulation compared to normal pregnancies. 11…”

Morphometric and Nanomechanical Features of Platelets from Women with Early Pregnancy Loss Provide New Evidence of the Impact of Inherited Thrombophilia

“…It is believed that inherited thrombophilia is one of the major causes of placental injury by inducing a thrombosis at the site of implantation or in the placental blood vessels [21]. The endothelium, the platelets and fibrinolytic plasma proteins regulate these processes [25].…”