Haemorrhagic septicaemia—A general review

Alwis, M. C. L. de

doi:10.1016/0007-1935(92)90101-6

Cited by 105 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

115

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…e onset of the monsoon in Asian countries also set into motion other activities such as rice cultivation which bring about movements of animals, work stress in work animals, etc. all of which favour the precipitation of outbreaks (De Alwis, 1990a).…”

Section: Epidemiological Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ere is ample evidence that buffaloes are more susceptible than cattle and that, in both species, young and young adult animals are more susceptible than older animals (De Alwis, 1990b). e two common serotypes of Pasteurella multocida (Carter; Heddleston) associated with disease in these species are types B:2 (in Asia) and E:2 (in Africa).…”

Section: Epidemiological Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variable numbers of immune carriers are present in animal populations, particularly in endemic areas. ey may be latent carriers, where the organisms are lodged in the tonsils, or active carriers, where organisms are detectable in the nasopharynx (De Alwis, 1990c;De Alwis et al, 1986). …”

Section: Epidemiological Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Haemorrhagic septicaemia, its significance, prevention and control in Asia

Benkirane¹,

Alwis²

2002

Vet. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an endemic disease in most countries of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Within the Asian Region, countries can be classified into three categories, on the basis of incidence and distribution of the disease; these are respectively countries where the disease is endemic or sporadic, clinically suspected but not confirmed, or free. Economic losses due to HS are not only confined to losses to the animal industry, but also rice production on account of its high prevalence among draught animals used in rice fields. Only a few attempts have been made to estimate economic losses, the methodologies used in different countries have varied, and many are not based on active surveillance, and a consideration of all components of direct and indirect losses. Most Asian countries rank HS as the most important contagious disease or the most important bacterial disease in cattle and buffaloes. Resource allocation for prevention and control of HS nationally or internationally will evidently depend on a correct estimate of its economic impact. e key factors in prevention and control would be timely and correct reporting, accurate and rapid diagnosis, strategic use of vaccines with the attainment of a high coverage where necessary with a high quality vaccine. National level activities geared towards attainment of these objectives may be with advantage supported and strengthened by international organisations involved in animal health. e present paper attempts to review aspects related to the epidemiology, control and containment of HS in Asia and, proposes some key issues on which a regional programme for HS control in this continent should be centred.

show abstract

Section: Epidemiological Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiological Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Haemorrhagic septicaemia, its significance, prevention and control in Asia

Benkirane¹,

Alwis²

2002

Vet. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…P. multocida can be differentiated serologically by capsular antigens into serogroups A, B, D, E, and F (Rimler and Rhoades, 1987), and also by somatic antigens into somatic serotypes 1∼16 (Borgden et al, 1978). Among the five capsular serogroups, B and E cause hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and wild ruminants (De Alwis, 1992), and serogroup D causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs (Quinn et al, 1994). In poultry, capsular serogroup A causes fowl cholera (Timoney et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of chronic fowl cholera in broiler breeder chickens in Korea

Kim¹,

Yoon²,

Cho³

et al. 2011

Korean Journal of Veterinary Service

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fowl cholera is a contagious acute and chronic disease caused by Pasteurella multocida in both domesticated and wild birds. Acute fowl cholera in both chickens and wild birds has recently been documented in Korea, but the chronic form has not been reported in Korea until now. This study describes the first outbreak of chronic fowl cholera in 13-week-old Arbor Acre broiler breeder chickens submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University in April 2006. The clinical signs of the affected flock of 9,621 chickens were lameness caused by swollen hock joints, diarrhea, ruffled feathers, and an average weekly mortality of 1.0%. At necropsy, purulent or caseous exudates were found in the hock and wing joints, humerus, and eyes, and severe pneumonia and pericarditis were discovered. Eleven bacterial isolates obtained from the liver, joint, infraorbital sinus and sternal bursa of the submitted chickens were all identified as Pasteurella multocida based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics. Five isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility against 21 different antimicrobial agents including ampicillin. All were resistant to kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin, and some were resistant to gentamicin. The tested isolates were all susceptible to the other 17 antimicrobial agents. All 11 isolates were capsular serogroup A based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction. In addition, two of five isolates used in the antimicrobial susceptibility test were identified as somatic serotype 1 by an agar gel diffusion precipitin test, while the others were non-typable.

show abstract

“…Classical HS as defined is caused by PM Asian serotypes B:2, identified in most areas where the disease is endemic, and African serotype E:2 found only in Africa (Carter and Heddleston classification system). The prevalence of disease is higher during monsoon when humidity and temperature are high and characterized by an acute, highly fatal septicemia with high morbidity and mortality [1][2][3][4][5]. In India, the frequency of disease outbreaks varies considerably in different states and from year to year in each state [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity against Pasteurella multocida in Animals Vaccinated with Inactivated Pasteurella multocida and Herbal Adjuvant 'DIP-HIP'

Tanwar¹,

Yadav²,

Brijbhushan³

et al. 2016

J Vaccines Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is acute, highly contagious form of disease of water buffalo, cattle, and bison caused by Pasteurella multocida (PM). It is considered the most economically important bacterial disease of cattle and buffalo, .in tropical areas of Asia, particularly in Southeast Asia. PM is a gram-negative coccobacillus, belonging to Pasteurellaceae family. PM is transmitted either during direct contact or via fomites by ingestion or inhalation via contaminated feed and water. Currently, there are no broadly protective vaccines -adjuvant formulation with long-lasting immunity available against HS. Aluminium-based mineral salts such as alum are the only immunologic adjuvants. Herbal adjuvants are evaluated extensively to replace the classical adjuvants being safe and efficacious.Result: In the present study, one herbal adjuvant DIP-HIP is evaluated with inactivated PM (iPM) antigen as vaccine in both small (mice) as well as big (cattle) animals for its efficacy. The results suggest that after single booster DIP-HIP + iPM emulsion gave maximum antibody titres in comparison to iPM alone or Alum + iPM in both mice as well as seronegative cattle. To further confirm the potential of DIP-HIP adjuvant formulation with iPM antigen in providing protection against HS, the median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of PM was determined (1 X 10 7 CFU/ml), following which DIP-HIP + iPM emulsion immunized mice were challenged with this dose. The DIP-HIP containing formulation turned out to be broadly protective against HS with long-lasting immunity. Conclusion:DIP-HIP is a potential adjuvant, which can be used in HS vaccines to provide extended immunity.The cattle are infected when they ingest or inhale the causative organism. Buffaloes have been found to be more vulnerable than cattle to HS with shorter course of disease and mortality reaching 100% if not treated at early stage [9]. The characteristic lesion of HS is swelling of the subcutis and muscle of the submandibular region, neck, and brisket by clear to blood-tinged edema fluid. Hemorrhages are often most prominent in the pharyngeal and cervical lymph nodes. The infected animals show typical symptoms of HS such as pyrexia, hypersalivation, nasal discharge, sudden drop of milk yield, abdominal pain, severe diarrhea and dysentry, rapid respiration and cyanotic mucus membrane before death [10]. Clinical diagnosis of HS in endemic areas is based on history, lapses in vaccination, environmental conditions, and the typical clinical signs while a definitive diagnosis of HS is based on isolation of PM serotype B:2 or E:2 (or other less common serotypes recognized by the OIE as causing HS) from the blood and tissues of an animal with above mentioned characteristic signs. The passive mouse protection test using specific B:2 and E:2 immune rabbit sera has been used in Asia and Africa to identify different serotypes of PM (The Merck Veterinary Manual).If administered very early in the disease, antimicrobials drugs such as sulfonamides, tetracyclines, penicillin, g...

show abstract

Haemorrhagic septicaemia—A general review

Cited by 105 publications

References 29 publications

Haemorrhagic septicaemia, its significance, prevention and control in Asia

Haemorrhagic septicaemia, its significance, prevention and control in Asia

An outbreak of chronic fowl cholera in broiler breeder chickens in Korea

Immunity against Pasteurella multocida in Animals Vaccinated with Inactivated Pasteurella multocida and Herbal Adjuvant 'DIP-HIP'

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About