Haemorrhagic septicaemia, its significance, prevention and control in Asia

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an endemic disease in most countries of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Within the Asian Region, countries can be classified into three categories, on the basis of incidence and distribution of the disease; these are respectively countries where the disease is endemic or sporadic, clinically suspected but not confirmed, or free. Economic losses due to HS are not only confined to losses to the animal industry, but also rice production on account of its high prevalence among draught animals used in rice fields. Only a few attempts have been made to estimate economic losses, the methodologies used in different countries have varied, and many are not based on active surveillance, and a consideration of all components of direct and indirect losses. Most Asian countries rank HS as the most important contagious disease or the most important bacterial disease in cattle and buffaloes. Resource allocation for prevention and control of HS nationally or internationally will evidently depend on a correct estimate of its economic impact. e key factors in prevention and control would be timely and correct reporting, accurate and rapid diagnosis, strategic use of vaccines with the attainment of a high coverage where necessary with a high quality vaccine. National level activities geared towards attainment of these objectives may be with advantage supported and strengthened by international organisations involved in animal health. e present paper attempts to review aspects related to the epidemiology, control and containment of HS in Asia and, proposes some key issues on which a regional programme for HS control in this continent should be centred.

Assessment of brucellosis knowledge, attitude and practice among veterinarians in India

“…It is a "multiple burdens" disease with economic impacts attributable to human, livestock and wildlife disease. Though Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) disease in livestock is the top most bacterial disease reported in India (Benkirane et al, 2002), many veterinarians perceived that brucellosis as the top most bacterial disease reported implying lack of awareness about the macro disease scenario in the country. Majority of the respondents attitude towards the spread of brucellosis in India"s rural setting is fast compared to developed countries and it might be due to lack of facilities for "screening of all the animals for brucellosis" in India"s rural setting and also due to policy ban on slaughter of cattle in majority of the states.…”

Immunity against Pasteurella multocida in Animals Vaccinated with Inactivated Pasteurella multocida and Herbal Adjuvant 'DIP-HIP'

“…Buffaloes have been found to be more vulnerable than cattle to HS with shorter course of disease and mortality reaching 100% if not treated at early stage [9]. The characteristic lesion of HS is swelling of the subcutis and muscle of the submandibular region, neck, and brisket by clear to blood-tinged edema fluid.…”

“…(i) Control (n=5); (ii) iPM+ DIP-HIP (1: 3:: ethanol: water) (n=7); (iii) iPM+2% Al(OH) 3 (n=7) and (iv) iPM alone (n=7). The iPM was obtained from Biovet Pvt Ltd., Bengaluru, India, and the recommended dose of antigen, by the company, for immunization used was 3x10 9 CFU/dose. The animals were primarily immunized with emulsions on day 0 followed by booster on 21 st day (intramuscular) and finally bled on 28 th day after immunization as standardized for DIP-HIP containing emulsions by our lab.…”

Molecular typing of haemorrhagic septicaemia-associated Pasteurella multocida isolates from Pakistan and Thailand using multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

“…Asia and Africa are currently the global geographic regions in which HS occurs with the highest prevalence and has the greatest economic importance (Benkirane and De Alwis, 2002). This is attributed to pronounced changes in weather between seasons, including the monsoon, debility caused by seasonal scarcity of fodder and pressure of work (draught animals) (Benkirane and De Alwis, 2002).…”

“…This is attributed to pronounced changes in weather between seasons, including the monsoon, debility caused by seasonal scarcity of fodder and pressure of work (draught animals) (Benkirane and De Alwis, 2002).…”