Haemodynamic enhancement in perforator flaps: The inversion phenomenon and its clinical significance. A study of the relation of blood velocity and flow between pedicle and perforator vessels in perforator flaps

Results of monitoring fasciocutaneous, myocutaneous, osteocutaneous and perforator flaps: 4-year experience with 166 cases

“…These represent the only flow source for the entire flap compared with the preoperative condition in which numerous perforators and vessels contributed to its perfusion. RUBINO et al investigated blood flow and velocity in perforator flaps 24 . They are perfused through a long vessel, the diameter of which decreases from its origin to the skin because all branches have been sealed, resulting in a conduit with resistances in series, rather than resistances in parallel, as in the normal systemic circulation.…”

Computational Modeling of Microarterial Anastomoses With Size Discrepancy (Small-to-Large)

“…Rat femoral artery flow rate and flow rate variability closely matched that seen in perforating arteries in man [23]. Regions of separated flow were observed in all constructs except a wedge configuration where a ratio of 1:2 mm was set and wedge length (WL) ϭ 2 ϫ ØLV.…”

A massive arterial thrombosis of a free anterolateral thigh flap in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome

“…Third, the first flap (ALT) was harvested on two perforating vessels instead of on a single perforator; this choice, as recently suggested by Rubino et al, 24 could have increased the total frictional resistance (resistance of vessels in series plus resistance of vessels in parallel) of the vascular circuit and consequently decreased the flow rate through each perforator.…”