Haemato-biochemical, non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity and histopathological changes in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed rubber protein isolate

Abstract

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the haemato-biochemical, innate immune response, antioxidant capacity and histopathological changes in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed rubber protein isolates (RPI). One hundred and eighty fingerlings (average weight 4.45 ± 0.01 g) were distributed into five experimental groups in triplicate and fed with isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. Soybean protein isolate (SPI) served as the reference diet (Control), and the treatment diets were formulated as RPI, RPI, RPI and RPI replacing 25, 50, 75 and 100% of SPI protein, respectively. The growth performance indices like final body weight (9.54-10.27 g), net weight gain (5.09-5.84 g), metabolic growth rate (4.54-5.02) and feed efficiency ratio (0.60-0.65) among the various groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). All the haematological parameters, except red blood cells, showed no significant differences compared with the control group (P > 0.05). The immuno-biochemical parameters like albumin, globulin, total immunoglobulin, respiratory burst and lysozyme activities among the various groups did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The stress enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Histopathological examination of the liver revealed no marked changes. In summary, the results showed that RPI was well utilised by the fish and its inclusion did not generate any oxidative-induced stress, thus, RPI may be suggested as a potential replacement for SPI in fish diets without any detrimental effects. Hence, protein isolation offers a unique opportunity for the utilisation of rubber seed meal.

Evaluation of rubber seed oil as lipid source in red tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) diet

“…In tilapia fed with these feed, there were no significant differences in protein and lipid retention compared with controls (CTRL). In accordance with this, Suprayudi et al () and Fawole et al () had demonstrated that HCN reduction in feed ingredients will maintain protein and lipid retention rates in tilapia and rohu. This is due to the lower antinutritional factors that block the metabolic process and retain nutrients.…”

“…This is seen from no significant differences in the case of specific growth rates of tilapia between treatments that include heated RSO feed (CPO: PRSO and PRSO). Previous research using the rubber seed‐based feed which has reduced the HCN levels has a similar specific growth rate and not significantly different from the control feed relatively (Deng et al, ; Fawole et al, ; Suprayudi et al, , ). The condition confirmed that these previous study results are in accordance with this current study.…”

“…In result, there are no significant differences were found in heated RSO‐based diet (CPO: PRSO and PRSO) towards total red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin and haematocrit. Several studies have shown that processed HCN content base ingredients then formulated within feed showed no differences in stress total red blood cell and white blood cell (Deng et al, ; Fawole et al, ; Suprayudi et al, ). However, it is possible that excess of HCN that absorbs into blood vessel causes stress metabolic condition (Dick & Dixon, ; Fawole et al, ).…”

“…Thus, quantitatively the proportion of red blood cells become decreases. Otherwise, it can be possible by lysis of red blood cells and binding process of haemoglobin by HCN into HbCN, which then causes a low proportion of red blood cells in blood vessel (Deng et al, ; Fawole et al, ; Suprayudi et al, ). In addition, there is a further possibility regarding the low proportion of red blood cells.…”

“…According to Jaszcak, Polkowska, Narkosicz, and Namiesnik (), lysis of red blood cell is caused by peroxidation of lipid compound in cell membrane. The peroxidation of lipid in cell membrane causes the termination of unsaturated fatty acid chains in blood membrane into various toxic compounds and caused damage to the cell membrane (Fawole et al, ; Martınez‐Alvarez, Morales, & Sanz, ; Patra, Rath, Jena, Rathod, & Hrudayanath, ).…”