Habituation of healthy dogs to treadmill trotting: Repeatability assessment of vertical ground reaction force

Fanchon, Laurent; Grandjean, Dominique

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.11.001

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several variables must be controlled to avoid variability in kinetic data and temporospatial parameters, including velocity and type of locomotion [1, 17, 20, 21], stance time [21], training and habituation [22], body size, conformation, and body weight [1, 2, 4, 5]. In addition, most of the kinetic studies have evaluated dogs that were walking or trotting, due to the symmetry and convenience of these types of locomotion [5, 7, 16, 17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters in a heterogeneous group of dogs

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundA prime concern of the gait analysis in a heterogeneous group of dogs is the potential influence of factors such as individual body size, body mass, type of gait, and velocity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in a heterogeneous group of dogs a possible correlation of the stride frequency with kinetic and temporospatial variables, as well as the percentage of body weight distribution (%BWD), and compare symmetry index (SI) between trotting and walking dogs. Twenty-nine clinically healthy dogs moving in a controlled velocity were used. The dogs were organized into two groups based on duty factor. Group 1 comprised 15 walking dogs, aged from 9 months to 8 years and weighing about 22.3 kg. Group 2 had 14 trotting dogs, aged from 1 to 6 years and weighing about 6.5 kg. The kinetic data and temporospatial parameters were obtained using a pressure-sensing walkway. The velocity was 0.9–1.1 m/s. The peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), gait cycle time, stance time, swing time, stride length, and percentages of body weight distribution among the four limbs were determined. For each variable, the SIs were calculated. Pearson’s coefficient was used to evaluate correlation between stride frequency and other variables, initially in each group and after including all animals.ResultsExcept for the %BWD (approximately 60 % for the forelimbs and 40 % for the hind limbs), all other parameters differed between groups. Considering each Group individually a strong correlation was observed for most of the temporospatial parameters, but no significant correlation occurred between stride frequency and PVF, and stride frequency and %BWD. However, including all dogs a strong correlation was observed in all temporospatial parameters, and moderate correlation between stride frequency and VI, and weak correlation between stride frequency and PVF. There was no correlation between stride frequency and %BWD. Groups 1 and 2 did not differ statistically in SIs.ConclusionsIn a heterogeneous group of dogs conducted at a controlled velocity, the %BWD and most of SIs presented low variability. However, %BWD seems to be the most accurate, since factors such as the magnitude of the variables may influence the SIs inducing wrong interpretation. Based on results obtained from correlations, the standardization of stride frequency could be an alternative to minimize the variability of temporospatial parameters.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a high maximum values can be observed in the boxplots, especially in Group 2. The magnitude of the variable could be a reason to the higher variation in Group 2, but other factors such as velocity variations not evident in trials [14] and no previous training [22] must be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters in a heterogeneous group of dogs

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This presents a challenge for measurements of dogs at walk because no studies have described the process of adaptation in dogs. Treadmill training of dogs in trot has been described [24, 25, 28–30] but because a study in horses showed that longer training time was needed to achieve habituation in walk compared to trot [23], recommendations for trotting dogs cannot safely be applied to walk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic and spatiotemporal assessment of habituation to treadmill walking in Labrador retrievers

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThis study investigated differences in kinematic and spatiotemporal variables in Labrador retrievers during introduction to treadmill walking, with the aim to determine the time required for them to become habituated. Twenty-five healthy, treadmill-naive Labrador retrievers participated in the study. The total angular displacement of the carpus, elbow, tarsus and stifle, as well as stride time and stance duration were calculated from the 3-D tracking of skin mounted reflective markers recorded with 6 infrared light emitting video cameras at 240 Hz. The measurements were done at two walking speeds, 0.78 and 0.96 m/s, in six sessions on the treadmill during two consecutive days.ResultsWith a 1–2 min acclimatization period following each treadmill speed change, mean values of the study variables were significantly different from the last training session mainly in the first session on the first day. However, between-stride variability was significantly larger for at least one variable even in the fourth session for the slower walking speed, and in the fifth session for the higher walking speed.ConclusionsThe results show the importance of proper pre-training of dogs in locomotion studies at walk using a treadmill, and the need to consider not only variable mean values but also between-stride variability, in order to ensure that dogs are sufficiently accustomed to allow collection of reliable data.

show abstract

“…The animals' gaits were later evaluated for pacing by reviewing digital videos recorded from all test conditions. Dogs were evaluated on two days to accomplish treadmill habituation: On day one, dogs were habituated to the treadmill by walking and trotting for eight to 10 minutes for at least two discrete sessions separated by a 30-min rest period to increase compliance and to help reduce artifacts in movement induced by the use of the treadmill (Fanchon and Grandjean, 2009;Gustas et al, 2013). The dogs were also introduced to the enclosed outdoor area used for recording unrestricted movement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of pacing as an indicator of musculoskeletal pathology in dogs

Wendland¹,

Martin²,

Duncan³

et al. 2016

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Little is currently known about the pacing gait in dogs and it has been speculated that pacing may be utilized by dogs with musculoskeletal pathology. The goals of the present study were to determine if pacing in dogs is associated with musculoskeletal disease and to establish if controlled speed impacts pacing. Dogs underwent orthopedic and lameness assessments. Musculoskeletal pathology, when identified, was further defined with radiography of the affected area. Dogs were considered musculoskeletally normal (MSN) if no pathology was detected and they had no history of musculoskeletal disease. All others were considered musculoskeletally abnormal (MSA). Animals were then evaluated for pacing using digital-video-imaging under three conditions: Off-lead, lead-controlled, and on a treadmill. Thirty-nine dogs were enrolled (MSN: n = 20; MSA: n = 19). Overall, pacing was observed more frequently in dogs under lead-controlled than off-lead conditions (P < 0.001). Leadcontrolled MSN dogs were observed to pace significantly more frequently (n = 17/20) than leadcontrolled MSA dogs (n = 10/19; P = 0.029). There was no significant difference within each group for the frequency of pacing under treadmill or off-lead conditions. Pacing always occurred at speeds between a walk and a trot, speeds ranged from 0.98 to 2.84 m/s, (mean 1.8 m/s). Pacing was demonstrated in MSN and MSA dogs under all study conditions. Pacing should be considered a gait variation that can be observed in clinically normal dogs. Relative speed and leash walking was determined to be a factor in the use of the pacing gait.

show abstract

Habituation of healthy dogs to treadmill trotting: Repeatability assessment of vertical ground reaction force

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters in a heterogeneous group of dogs

Kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters in a heterogeneous group of dogs

Kinematic and spatiotemporal assessment of habituation to treadmill walking in Labrador retrievers

Evaluation of pacing as an indicator of musculoskeletal pathology in dogs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About