Habitual Dietary Intake Affects the Altered Pattern of Gut Microbiome by Acarbose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

The aim of this research was to reveal the characteristics of gut microbiome altered by acarbose intervention in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its possible association with habitual dietary intake. Eighteen patients with T2D were administered acarbose for four weeks. The abundances of two major phyla, namely Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, were reciprocally changed accompanied by the acarbose intervention. There were also significant changes in the abundances of ten genera, including the greater abundance of Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, and Lactobacillus and the lower abundance of Bacteroides in the group after the intervention than that before the intervention. Hierarchical clustering of habitual dietary intake was performed based on the pattern of changes in the gut microbiota and were classified into distinct three clusters. Cluster I consisted of sucrose, cluster II mainly included fat intake, and cluster III mainly included carbohydrate intake. Moreover, the amount of change in Faecalibacterium was positively correlated with the intake of rice, but negatively correlated with the intake of bread. The intake of potato was negatively correlated with the amount of change in Akkermansia and Subdoligranulum. Acarbose altered the composition of gut microbiome in Japanese patients with T2D, which might be linked to the habitual dietary intake.

Effects of anti-aging interventions on intestinal microbiota

“… 105 Consistent with a study in mice, acarbose treatment increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium , and Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides in T2D patients. 106 Similarly, the gut microbiota Bifidobacterium longum and Enterococcus faecalis were increased significantly after 4 weeks of acarbose treatment in T2D patients. 107 …”

Effects of Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents on Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites

“…In fact, over 95% of the acarbose dose was not absorbed in the gut, coupled with its feature to inhibit microbial α-glucosidases, and subjects’ treatment response to acarbose is dependent on several factors, such as dietary intake, genetic factor, and microbiota composition before treatment (also named enterotypes) ( 62 , 91 – 93 , 136 , 142 , 143 ). The acarbose-shaped gut microbial composition might be related to the dietary intake in a small Japanese population with T2DM ( 92 ). Moreover, hierarchical clustering showed that the habitual dietary intake of sucrose, fat, and carbohydrate was associated with three distinct microbial clusters, and even the abundance alteration of Faecalibacterium was positively related to dietary rice intake but negatively related to bread intake ( 92 ).…”

“…The acarbose-shaped gut microbial composition might be related to the dietary intake in a small Japanese population with T2DM ( 92 ). Moreover, hierarchical clustering showed that the habitual dietary intake of sucrose, fat, and carbohydrate was associated with three distinct microbial clusters, and even the abundance alteration of Faecalibacterium was positively related to dietary rice intake but negatively related to bread intake ( 92 ). A previous study also found that patients with a gut flora driven by Bacteroides displayed more beneficial modifications in gut microbiota, plasma BA composition, and more metabolic metabolism enhancement after acarbose treatment than those with Prevotella ( 62 ).…”

Pharmacomicrobiomics in Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes

“…Other researchers had reported that habitual dietary consumption caused changes in the composition of gut microbiota which in turn influenced the effects of their drug therapy. In Japanese patients with T2D taking acarbose, high rice intake was associated with the abundance of Faecalibacterium while high intake of potatoes was associated with a low abundance of health-promoting microbiota such as Akkermansia and Subdoligranulum ( 77 ). In another human study, compared to 20 obese women before metformin treatment, an increase of Escherichia/Shigella was found after 2 months of low-calorie diet and metformin treatment ( 78 ).…”