Habitat Preferences of Boros schneideri (Coleoptera: Boridae) in the Natural Tree Stands of the Białowieża Forest

Abstract

We analyzed habitat requirements of Boros schneideri (Panzer, 1796) (Coleoptera: Boridae) in the natural forests of the continental biogeographical region, using data collected in the Białowieża Forest. This species has been found on the six host trees, but it preferred dead, standing pine trees, characterized by large diameter, moderately moist and moist phloem but avoided trees in sunny locations. It occurred mostly in mesic and wet coniferous forests. This species demonstrated preferences for old tree stands (over 140-yr old), and its occurrence in younger tree-stand age classes (minimum 31–40-yr old) was not significantly different from random distribution. B. schneideri occupied more frequently locations distant from the forest edge, which were less affected by logging. Considering habitat requirements, character of occurrence, and decreasing number of occupied locations in the whole range of distribution, this species can be treated as relict of primeval forests.

Ichnotaxonomic Review of Large Ornithopod Dinosaur Tracks: Temporal and Geographic Implications

“…Sousaichnium shows elongate heel impressions, mud collapsed inside the track, and it lacks claw impressions. Pérez-Lorente [ 118 ] pointed out that the elongate impressions represent metatarsal marks. The tracks that Leonardi [ 10 ] assigned to S .…”

“…This impression can be caused by a special gait, sloping ground, the action of mud, etc. [ 118 ]. Irrespective of the affinities of the trackmaker (likely an ornithopod), we consider it a nomen dubium .…”

“…8, and four biped trackways from the Enciso Group in Spain: Cuesta de Andorra tracksite [ 151 ], p.184, fig. 20; Malvaciervo tracksite [ 149 ] fig. 67, Rastrillada 151; La Magdalena tracksite [ 68 ] p. 263, fig.…”

“…12, Barranco de Valdegutiérrez tracksite [ 152 ] fig. 2, 1BVG1, 1BVG4, and Era del Peladillo 5 [ 158 ], fig. 2.…”

Does the proposed CAP reform allow for a paradigm shift towards a greener policy?

“…Negative effects:  Selected felling of old trees has a negative impact on various taxonomic groups, including bryophytes, lichens, fungi, saproxylic beetles, molluscs and birds (Bouget et al, 2014;Brin et al, 2011;Brunialti et al, 2010;Cuttelod, Seddon and Neubert, 2011;Fritz and Brunet, 2010;Gutowski et al, 2014;Horák, Vávrová and Chobot, 2010;Jonsell, Hansson and Wedmo, 2007;Kostanjsek et al, 2018;Lassauce, Lieutier and Bouget, 2012;Moning and Müller, 2009;Paillet et al, 2010).  Clear cutting destroys entire habitats and species communities (e.g.…”