H3PW12O40 supported on MCM-41 molecular sieves: An effective catalyst for acetal formation

Zeolites as Catalysts for the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals

“…Mesoporous Al-MCM-41, zeolites, and 12-phosphotungstic acid supported on MCM-41 have been used recently with good success as acid catalysts for the synthesis of pentaerythritol acetals of different carbonyl compounds, which have application as plasticiers and vulcanizers [89,90]. Here, we present some examples of acetals widely used as flavor and fragrances synthesized using zeolites as acid catalysts.…”

Bismuth Subnitrate as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Acetalization and Ketalization of Carbonyl Compounds with Diols

“…The commonly employed azeotropic agents are toluene, benzene, hexane, cyclohexane, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc. [33,[36][37][38][39][40]. We investigated the outcomes of using cyclohexane, toluene, hexane, and chloroform as entrainer.…”

“…From a standpoint of green chemistry, solid catalysts are preferable because it is easy to separate the catalysts from the reaction media. Molecular sieves (e.g., HZSM-5, Y, MCM-41) [23][24][25][26][27][28][29], montmorillonite [26][27][29][30], sulfonic resin [29,31], heteropoly acids [32,33], supported protic acid [34][35][36][37][38][39], phosphates [40], and others [41] have been evaluated for acetalization and ketalization of carbonyl compounds but found to be unsatisfactory in either activity or selectivity.…”

Highly Efficient Acetalization and Ketalization Catalyzed by Cobaloxime under Solvent-Free Condition

“…However, those methods suffered from several drawbacks, such as corrosion, tedious work-up, environmental pollution and non-recoverability of catalysts. To solve those problems, a variety of solid acidic catalysts, which were prepared by immobilization of acidic catalysts on various inorganic or organic supporters, have been investigated [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, many acid or Lewis acid-functionalized ionic liquids were used for acetalization or ketalization [21][22][23][24].…”