Gypsum karst of the world: a brief overview

Klimchouk, Alexander; Forti, Paolo; Cooper, Anthony H.

doi:10.5038/1827-806x.25.3.12

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We infer that, under more humid climates, fibrous gypsum within veins would be completely dissolved either by a crossflow of meteoric waters (Klimchouk et al 1997;El Tabakh et al 1998;Schreiber & El Tabakh 2000;Kiyani et al 2008) or by undersaturated waters even at deeper crustal levels (Warren 2006).…”

Section: Gypsum Vein Weathering and Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Fibrous gypsum veins as diffuse features and within fault zones: the case study of the Pisco Basin (Ica desert, southern Peru)

Rustichelli

Celma

Tondi

et al. 2016

JGS

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New knowledge on patterns of fibrous gypsum veins, their genetic mechanisms, deformation style and weathering is provided by a field-and laboratory-based study carried out on the Neogene to Quaternary Pisco Basin sedimentary strata exposed in the Ica desert, southern Peru. Gypsum veins vary considerably in dimensions, attitudes and timing, and can develop in layered and moderately fractured rocks also in the absence of evaporitic layers. Veins occur both as diffuse features, confined to certain stratigraphic levels, and localized within fault zones. Arrays formed by layer-bounded, mutually orthogonal sets of steeply dipping gypsum veins are reported for the first time. Vein length, height and spacing depend on the thickness of the bed packages in which they are confined. Within fault zones, veins are partly a product of faulting but are also inherited layerbounded features along which faults are superimposed. Owing to the different petrophysical properties with respect to the parent rocks and their susceptibility to textural and mineralogical modifications, water dissolution and rupture, gypsum veins may have a significant role in geofluid management. Depending on their patterns and grade of physical and chemical alteration, veins may influence geofluid circulation and storage, acting as barriers to flow and possibly also as conduits.

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Section: Gypsum Vein Weathering and Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Fibrous gypsum veins as diffuse features and within fault zones: the case study of the Pisco Basin (Ica desert, southern Peru)

Rustichelli

Celma

Tondi

et al. 2016

JGS

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“…1 CaSO 4 minerals play an important role in the evolution of karst systems, 2 and in numerous geochemical phenomena; 3,4 they are also utilized extensively in metallurgical processes, 5 and in construction and manufacturing. 6,7 Furthermore, the formation of these minerals causes significant scaling problems, particularly in petroleum technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Kinetics of Gypsum and Calcium Sulfate Anhydrite Dissolution: Surface Selective Studies under Hydrodynamic Control and the Effect of Additives

et al. 2011

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Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes the work of researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-forprofit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Publisher's statement:This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C: Nanomaterials, Interfaces and Hard Matter, © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp201718b A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.

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“…Sinkholes in evaporite karst areas occur worldwide (Klimchouk et al 1996), and pose numerous practical problems, but compared with sinkholes in carbonate karst terrains they have received relatively scarce attention. Evaporite karst sinkholes also commonly show a greater genetic diversity (Gutierrez et al 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas

2007

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Sinkholes usually have a higher probability of occurrence and a greater genetic diversity in evaporite terrains than in carbonate karst areas. This is because evaporites have a higher solubility, and commonly a lower mechanical strength.Subsidence damage resulting from evaporite dissolution generates substantial losses throughout the world, but the causes are only well-understood in a few areas. To deal with these hazards, a phased approach is needed for sinkhole identification, investigation, prediction, and mitigation. Identification techniques include field surveys, and geomorphological mapping combined with accounts from local people and historical sources. Detailed sinkhole maps can be constructed from sequential historical maps, recent topographical maps and digital elevation models (DEMs) complemented with building-damage surveying, remote sensing, and high-resolution geodetic surveys.On a more detailed level, information from exposed paleosubsidence features (paleokarst), speleological explorations, geophysical investigations, trenching, dating techniques, and boreholes, may help to recognize dissolution and subsidence features.Information on the hydrogeological pathways including caves, springs and swallow holes, are particularly important especially when corroborated by tracer tests. These diverse data sources make a valuable database -the karst inventory. From this dataset, sinkhole susceptibility zonations (relative probability) may be produced based on the spatial and temporal distribution of the features and good knowledge of the local geology. Sinkhole distribution can be investigated by spatial distribution analysis techniques including studies of preferential elongation, alignment and nearest neighbor analysis. More objective susceptibility models may be obtained by analyzing the statistical relationships between the known sinkholes and the conditioning factors, such as weather conditions. Chronological information on sinkhole formation is required to estimate the probability of occurrence of sinkholes (number of sinkholes/km² year).Such spatial and temporal predictions, derived from limited records and based on the assumption that past sinkhole activity may be extrapolated to the future, are noncorroborated hypotheses. Validation methods allow us to assess the predictive capability of the susceptibility maps and to transform them into probability maps. Avoiding the most hazardous areas by preventive planning is the safest strategy for development in sinkhole-prone areas. Corrective measures could be to reduce the dissolution activity and subsidence processes, but these are difficult. A more practical solution for safe development is to reduce the vulnerability of the structures by using subsidence-proof designs.

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Gypsum karst of the world: a brief overview

Cited by 56 publications

References 11 publications

Fibrous gypsum veins as diffuse features and within fault zones: the case study of the Pisco Basin (Ica desert, southern Peru)

Fibrous gypsum veins as diffuse features and within fault zones: the case study of the Pisco Basin (Ica desert, southern Peru)

Intrinsic Kinetics of Gypsum and Calcium Sulfate Anhydrite Dissolution: Surface Selective Studies under Hydrodynamic Control and the Effect of Additives

Identification, prediction, and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas

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