GYNECOMASTIA DUE TO MALNUTRITION I. Clinical Studies

Sex Hormone Upset in Africans

“…This has 99SXHROE PE NARCN BRfTISH 677 MEDICAL JOURNAL many profound effects, but in particular it has been shown that when the liver is damaged, as in cirrhosis, it is unable to inactivate oestrogens (Glass, Edmondson, and Soll, 1940). Nor is cirrhosis necessary, for Hibbs (1947) and Klatskin, Salter, and Humm (1947) have described gynaecomastia in malnutrition. It has been shown that the liver fails to inactivate oestrogens where there is vitamin B deficiency (Biskind and Biskind, 1942) or where there is a lack of lipotropic factors (Gyorgy, 1945).…”

Gynecomastia in a Patient with Celiac Disease

“…Gynecomastia has been reported in association with starvation 6 and, theoretically, this could be the case in celiac disease. Gynecomastia has been reported in association with starvation 6 and, theoretically, this could be the case in celiac disease.…”

Effects of Starvation on Sex Hormones in the Male

“…However, prolonged starvation impairs the liver (8,9,10) so that it cannot inactivate excess estrogen. It then appears that the gynecomastia following starvation is a result of excess estrogen subsequent to liver impairment (11,12,13). As the impaired liver gradually recovers its function of inactivating excess estrogen, the androgen-estrogen ratio returns to normal, and the gynecomastia gradually disappears.…”