Gynecomastia: A systematic review of pharmacological treatments

Berger, Ori; Landau, Zohar; Talisman, Ran

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.978311

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…In a 10-year prospective cohort study conducted primarily in the adult age group ( n = 81, mean age: 42.8 ± 19.5 years), the response rate was calculated as 90.1%, highlighting that tamoxifen is an efficient treatment choice in idiopathic gynecomastia [17]. A systemic review of pharmacological treatments of PG reported that tamoxifen produced significant changes in 74–95% of the patients [18]. Both of these studies have focused on the treatment outcomes and not particularly on the indications of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tamoxifen Treatment for Pubertal Gynecomastia: When to Start and How Long to Continue

Sabancı¹,

Kızılkan²,

Akgül³

et al. 2023

Breast Care

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Introduction: Pubertal gynecomastia is a common clinical condition among male adolescents and in most cases it regresses spontaneously. However, tamoxifen treatment is recommended in selected cases. We aimed to evaluate the indications, safety and efficacy of tamoxifen treatment in adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia. Methods: The data of 83 adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia who were treated with tamoxifen between 2006 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. The clinical and laboratory data, initial complaint, tamoxifen treatment indication, duration and dose were recorded along with the treatment outcome. Results: The gynecomastia disc diameter’s monthly reduction rate was significantly higher in adolescents with an initial disc diameter ≥ 3 cm. The significant reduction of the disc started after the fourth month of tamoxifen treatment and continued to significantly reduce extending to the sixth month. Conclusion: Tamoxifen treatment in pubertal gynecomastia was found to be effective and safe. One of the current indications for tamoxifen treatment is having a disc size ≥4 cm and the recommended treatment duration is 4-6 months. However, this study suggests that treatment should be continued for at least 6 months to achieve the optimal effect. In addition, we recommend that the disc diameter threshold for starting tamoxifen needs to be ≥ 3 cm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tamoxifen Treatment for Pubertal Gynecomastia: When to Start and How Long to Continue

Sabancı¹,

Kızılkan²,

Akgül³

et al. 2023

Breast Care

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“…However, given that pubertal GM is a transient and self-limiting condition that resolves spontaneously in more than 90% of cases within 3 years, observation and reassurance are generally regarded as the most appropriate management approach. Medical intervention is most effective during the painful phase of GM [ 42 ].…”

Section: Management Of Adolescents With Gm ( Table 3 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antiestrogenic agents, such as tamoxifen, have been subjected to extensive medical investigation as a therapeutic option for GM. This treatment modality is associated with a favorable safety profile and is relatively nontoxic and well-tolerated [ 42 ]. Furthermore, tamoxifen rapidly alleviates associated tenderness, making it a primary treatment option for cases of acute GM that fail to resolve spontaneously and are symptomatic [ 43 ].…”

Section: Management Of Adolescents With Gm ( Table 3 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aromatase inhibitors, such as anastrozole, are known to inhibit the activity of aromatase and subsequently reduce the levels of estrogen in both the periphery and mammary tissue [ 42 ]. The effectiveness of anastrozole, a potent aromatase inhibitor used for treating pubertal GM, has been investigated in 3 studies.…”

Section: Management Of Adolescents With Gm ( Table 3 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gynecomastia in adolescent males: current understanding of its etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Metwalley,

Farghaly

2024

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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Gynecomastia (GM) is a common and continuously evolving condition that commonly occurs during adolescence. It is the source of significant embarrassment and psychological stress in adolescent males. GM is characterized by enlargement of the male breast due to the proliferation of glandular ducts and stromal components. The main cause of GM during adolescence is physiological or pubertal GM, which is primarily attributed to an imbalance between estrogen and androgen activity. Physiological GM is typically transient and resolves within several months, although it may take several years to resolve. GM may also be caused by other pathological conditions and could be indicative of an endocrine disease. It is crucial to understand the pathogenesis of GM to distinguish it from normal developmental variants due to pathological causes. The aim of this review is to highlight the significance of GM during adolescence in terms of potential etiologies, clinical and laboratory diagnoses, and current management.

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“…Establishing a conclusive pharmacological strategy for treating gynecomastia is difficult because there is a lack of comprehensive scientific studies and documented instances [37].…”

Section: Pharmacological Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynecomastia - a literature review of management, diagnosis and treatment

Zuzanna

JUREK

Łukasz

et al. 2023

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction and Purpose: Gynecomastia is a common clinical problem that can also be a symptom of many serious disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, as well as pharmacological and surgical treatment, while also addressing the psychological aspect of the condition. State of Knowledge: Gynecomastia is the development of noncancerous breast tissue in males. It can occur unilaterally or bilaterally and may cause pain. It can be a natural occurrence during infancy, adolescence, and and in older age. It is usually accompanied by an imbalance between estrogens and androgens. Hormonal disorders lead to the growth of stromal and ductal proliferation. In the diagnostic process, the most important aspect is establishing the cause of the condition, allowing for the implementation of appropriate treatment. Gynecomastia can cause a decrease in quality of life, depression, anxiety, and reduced self-esteem. Conclusions: Gynecomastia is a complex condition that requires an individualized approach to the patient. It can be a side effect of medication use, result from an underlying disease, or occur idiopathically. Surgical treatment forms the basis of the therapeutic process. Currently, combined surgical techniques are most commonly used to achieve the best cosmetic effect.

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Gynecomastia: A systematic review of pharmacological treatments

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Tamoxifen Treatment for Pubertal Gynecomastia: When to Start and How Long to Continue

Tamoxifen Treatment for Pubertal Gynecomastia: When to Start and How Long to Continue

Gynecomastia in adolescent males: current understanding of its etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Gynecomastia - a literature review of management, diagnosis and treatment

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