Gynecological Symptoms and Vaginal Wet Smear Findings in Women with Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection

Sikström, Bo; Hellberg, Dan; Nilsson, Staffan; Kallings, Ingegerd; Mårdh, Per‐Anders

doi:10.1159/000291818

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The case-control study by Castle et al [10] found no significant association between BV and HPV. In contrast, a significant association was observed by Sikstrom et al [11], which may be due to sexual behavior factors. We found a statistically significantly greater proportion of BV in pregnant women with HPV compared to pregnant women without HPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…We found a statistically significantly greater proportion of BV in pregnant women with HPV compared to pregnant women without HPV. Infection by HPV when BV is active may be facilitated by the presence of products derived from this abnormal microflora, such as sialidase enzymes, and the presence of amines [11]. Briselden et al [16] have demonstrated positivity for such enzymes in 84% of women with BV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. trachomatis frequency appears to be higher among pregnant [8] and non-pregnant women [9] who present HPV-positive cervical smears. The association between BV and HPV has been a focus for studies and a point of controversy [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Frequency of Bacterial Vaginosis and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> in Pregnant Women with Human Papillomavirus Infection

Silva¹,

Adad

Souza

et al. 2004

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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The aim of this study was to verify the presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), Candida sp, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and measure vaginal pH (VpH) in pregnant women with (n = 26) and without (n = 26) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and make comparisons between these 2 groups. HPV, C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were diagnosed using hybrid capture, BV using clinical criteria, and Candida sp via cultures. A digital pH meter was used to measure VpH. The frequencies of Candida sp were 19.2 and 23.1% (p = 1), and VpH was 4.4 ± 0.4 and 4.3 ± 0.4 (p = 0.23), in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups, respectively. Compared to the group of pregnant women without HPV infection, those with HPV infection had a significantly higher prevalence of tobacco use (50 vs. 11.5%; p = 0.006), BV (53.8 vs. 15.4%; p = 0.007), and C. trachomatis (34.6 vs. 7.7%; p = 0.039). No case of N. gonorrhoeae was diagnosed. All cases of C. trachomatis and BV had high-grade HPV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Frequency of Bacterial Vaginosis and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> in Pregnant Women with Human Papillomavirus Infection

Silva¹,

Adad

Souza

et al. 2004

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…Also, women with other conditions, apart from trichomoniasis, e.g. those infected by human papillomavirus, may present a fishy odor as registered by the examiner 14 . In a test of men exposed to anaerobic culture plates with isolates of the vaginal fluid, it was generally experienced as an unpleasant odor, although some reported that the smell appealed to them (E. Holst, unpublished observations).…”

Section: B a C T E R I A L V A G I N O S I S I S A C R U D E D I A G mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are indications of an association between human papillomavirus infection and bacterial vaginosis 14 . It is, however, unclear whether bacterial vaginosis or the human papillomavirus infection is 'the chicken' or 'the egg' in promoting the other.…”

Section: I C R O B I O L O G I C a L M A R K E R S O T H E R T H A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial vaginosis: a threat to reproductive health? Historical perspectives, current knowledge, controversies and research demands

Mårdh¹

2000

The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health

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Bacterial vaginosis is a change in flora, the cause of which is still unknown in the vast majority of instances. Bacterial vaginosis has generally been used to represent any change in vaginal flora resulting in an assumed loss of lactobacilli. However, whether such a flora represents the genetically normal state of some women is poorly defined. The present 'crude' diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis ought to be refined. The proposed impact of bacterial vaginosis on adverse pregnancy outcome is contradicted by therapeutic studies involving pregnant women that result in a change in flora to a lactobacillus-dominated vaginal flora, but have no influence on the course ofpregnancy. Most therapies recommended for bacterial vaginosis in non-pregnant women are often successful in the short term, but usually unsuccessful if the follow-up period after finishing therapy is prolonged. Although bacterial vaginosis is generally believed to be an endogenous condition, a number of behavioral factors are involved, such as the use of contraceptive and intimate hygiene products and smoking habits. Although bacterial vaginosis is not considered a true sexually transmitted infection, it is correlated to sexual activities. The current review elaborates on these matters and on the vaginal microbial ecology.

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Bacterial vaginosis and inflammatory response showed association with severity of cervical neoplasia in HPV‐positive women

Castro-Sobrinho

Rabelo-Santos

Fugueiredo-Alves

et al. 2015

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Vaginal infections may affect susceptibility to and clearance of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and chronic inflammation has been linked to carcinogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and inflammatory response (IR) with the severity of cervical neoplasia in HPV-infected women. HPV DNA was amplified using PGMY09/11 primers and genotyping was performed using a reverse line blot hybridization assay in 211 cervical samples from women submitted to excision of the transformation zone. The bacterial flora was assessed in Papanicolaou stained smears, and positivity for BV was defined as ≥ 20% of clue cells. Present inflammatory response was defined as ≥ 30 neutrophils per field at 1000× magnification. Age higher than 29 years (OR:1.91 95% CI 1.06-3.45), infections by the types 16 and/or 18 (OR:1.92 95% CI 1.06-3.47), single or multiple infections associated with types 16 and/or 18 (OR: 1.92 CI 95% 1.06-3.47), BV (OR: 3.54 95% CI 1.62-7.73) and IR (OR: 6.33 95% CI 3.06-13.07) were associated with severity of cervical neoplasia (CIN 2 or worse diagnoses), while not smoking showed a protective effect (OR: 0.51 95% CI 0.26-0.98). After controlling for confounding factors, BV(OR: 3.90 95% CI 1.64-9.29) and IR (OR: 6.43 95% CI 2.92-14.15) maintained their association with the severity of cervical neoplasia. Bacterial vaginosis and inflammatory response were independently associated with severity of cervical neoplasia in HPV-positive women, which seems to suggest that the microenvironment would relate to the natural history of cervical neoplasia.

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Gynecological Symptoms and Vaginal Wet Smear Findings in Women with Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Increased Frequency of Bacterial Vaginosis and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> in Pregnant Women with Human Papillomavirus Infection

Increased Frequency of Bacterial Vaginosis and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> in Pregnant Women with Human Papillomavirus Infection

Bacterial vaginosis: a threat to reproductive health? Historical perspectives, current knowledge, controversies and research demands

Bacterial vaginosis and inflammatory response showed association with severity of cervical neoplasia in HPV‐positive women

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