Gutta-Percha-based Adhesive for Laminated Wood Production

Abstract

The characteristics of gutta-percha (i.e., chemical compound and melting and glass transition temperatures) and the performance of laminated wood (i.e., moisture content, density, shear strength, and delamination ratio) prepared from sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) bonded with a gutta-percha-based adhesive were investigated. The gutta-perchabased adhesive was prepared by modification of gutta-percha with 5% maleic anhydride (MAH) and 0.75% benzoyl peroxide (BPO) at various gutta-percha to toluene ratios (w/w) (i.e., 15:85; 17.5:82.5; 20:80; and 22.5:77.5), followed by heating at 70 °C in a water bath for 10 min. Laminated wood was manufactured using both modified and unmodified gutta-percha-based adhesives at 250 gm -2 of glue spread and clamped for 24 h. Terpenes, especially 1,3 butadiene, 2-methyl (CAS)-isoprene (trans 1,4-isoprene) (polyterpene), were found to be the dominant chemical component of gutta-percha. The glass transition and melting temperatures of gutta-percha were -56.75 °C and 51.67 °C, respectively. The modification of gutta-percha with MAH and BPO as an initiator resulted in improved performance for the laminated wood. Infra-red spectrometry of the modified gutta-percha-based adhesive showed a new peak at 1720 cm -1 , indicating the C=O bond of MAH.

Properties of laminated wood bonded with modified gutta-percha adhesive at various surface roughness profile of laminae

“…Figure 1 shows the MGP adhesive, which appeared beige in color. Its specific gravity, viscosity, and solids content were 0.9, 84 poise, and 23.9%, respectively, which were similar to the values reported by Karliati et al (2014).…”

“…Thus, the moisture content met the JAS standard (moisture content lower than 14%). In contrast, the density was greater than that of solid wood (0.34 g/cm³), which may have resulted from the adhesive addition and pressing during manufacture of the laminated wood (Febrianto et al 2006;Karliati et al 2014). The ANOVA results validated that surface roughness profiles of the laminae did not significantly influence the density and moisture content of laminated wood at α = 0.05, which indicates that the treatment had no direct effect.…”

“…One type of raw material for wood adhesives that is environmentally friendly and renewable is gutta-percha (trans-1, 4-isoprene rubber), particularly that sourced from the extracted leaves and tapped stems of palaquium trees (Palaquium oblongifolium Burck). Gutta-percha based adhesives can be used in plywood and laminated wood (Febrianto et al 2006;Karliati et al 2014).…”

Performance of Six-Layered Cross Laminated Timber of Fast-Growing Species Glued with Tannin Resorcinol Formaldehyde

“…Bond penetration and durability are infleunced by viscosity (Kamke and Lee, 2007). Moreover, as it slowly flows on the glued material surface, the high viscous adhesive was found to more evenly distribute than low viscous adhesive (Karliati et al, 2014).…”