Gut microbiota-motility interregulation: insights from
            <i>in vivo, ex vivo</i>
            and
            <i>in silico</i>
            studies

Waclawiková, Barbora; Codutti, Agnese; Alim, Karen; Aidy, Sahar El

doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1997296

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Gastrointestinal motility is regulated by the coordination of various factors, including the enteric nervous system (ENS), immune system, gut hormones, as well as gut microbiota (6)(7)(8). Gut microbiota-regulated GI motility is based on the unique architecture of the GI tract (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gut microbiota-regulated GI motility is based on the unique architecture of the GI tract (Figure 1). The bowel wall is composed of the mucosa layer (epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa), the submucosa layer (submucosal plexus), the muscularis propria (circular smooth muscle, myenteric plexus, and longitudinal smooth muscle), and the serosa layer (8). Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) dispersed among the mucosa layer of the GI tract are key players in the communication between the gut microbiota, the ENS, and the GI motility, through producing and secreting a variety of hormones or signaling molecules, such as glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) and peptide YY (PYY) (L cells), and serotonin (enterochromaffin cells) (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of gut microbiota-derived signals in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility

Zheng

Tang

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors trillions of commensal microbes, called the gut microbiota, which plays a significant role in the regulation of GI physiology, particularly GI motility. The GI tract expresses an array of receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), G-protein coupled receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and ligand-gated ion channels, that sense different gut microbiota-derived bioactive substances. Specifically, microbial cell wall components and metabolites, including lipopeptides, peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and tryptophan metabolites, mediate the effect of gut microbiota on GI motility through their close interactions with the enteroendocrine system, enteric nervous system, intestinal smooth muscle, and immune system. In turn, GI motility affects the colonization within the gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms by which gut microbiota interacts with GI motility remain to be elucidated. Deciphering the underlying mechanisms is greatly important for the prevention or treatment of GI dysmotility, which is a complication associated with many GI diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and constipation. In this perspective, we overview the current knowledge on the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the regulation of GI motility, highlighting the potential mechanisms, in an attempt to provide valuable clues for the development of gut microbiota-dependent therapy to improve GI motility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of gut microbiota-derived signals in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility

Zheng

Tang

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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“…Our study contributes to a better understanding of the physical conditions faced by nano drug delivery systems at the vicinity of the mucosa. 53 Moreover, in regard to the growing body of evidence that bacterial evolution and the immune response in the gastrointestinal tract are highly dependent on the competition between flow clearance and localized mixing conditions, [54][55][56][57][58] our results suggested that the presence of localised mixing conditions at small scales could influence the spatial organisation of microbiota and the immune response in the small intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Steady streaming flow induced by active biological microstructures; application to small intestine villi

Melepattu

Loubens

2022

Physics of Fluids

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Physiological transport of fluid at small scales is often achieved by microscopic active finger-like structures. It is recognized that they have to move in a non-symmetric fashion in order to break the symmetry of creeping flow and to induce a net movement of the fluid. However, in the limit of low, but non-vanishing, Reynolds number, irreversible flow on long time scales could also be generated by symmetric oscillations of these microstructures.Inspired by small intestine villi, we reported three dimensional direct numerical simulations of the irreversible part of the flow, namely steady streaming flow (SSF), generated by an array of oscillating finger-like. In order to capture these second order flow phenomena, the algorithm was based on a combination of lattice-Boltzmann methods with two relaxation times and the smoothed profile method. SSF was confined inside a steady viscous boundary above the villi. Two steady vortices at the tip of the villi characterized this flow, which induced mass transfers between the bulk and the periphery. Strikingly, the spatial extension of these vortices was not solely governed by the Stokes boundary layer but also by the lateral confinement between the villi. Moreover, secondary vortices outside the steady boundary layer were also observed. These findings were rationalized in a state diagram showing three regimes of SSF. Lastly, orders of magnitude showed that SSF should contribute to the transport of particles, such as bacteria or nano-particles, on a layer of a few hundred micrometers above the villi and on time scales of few minutes.

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“…It remains an open question whether the switch between segmentation (of duration T abs. phase ) and peristalsis (duration T clean phase ) is rather driven by nutrient availability [11, 13, 14, 24] or bacterial abundance [25]. From the perspective of maximizing absorption after a meal, flow needs to be slow enough for a long enough duration ( τ abs ≪ T abs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gut motility may therefore well control nutrient absorption and bacterial densities [17] with all processes being highly intertwined. Bacteria for example influence nutrient levels as they compete with the gut for their absorption, and nutrient availability as well as bacterial densities feed back onto gut motility [11, 13, 14, 24, 25] (see Fig. 1A).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changing flows balance nutrient absorption and bacterial growth along the gut

Codutti

Cremer

Alim³

2022

Preprint

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Small intestine motility and its ensuing flow of luminal content impact both nutrient absorption and bacterial growth. To explore this interdependence we introduce a biophysical description of intestinal flow and absorption. Rooted in observations of mice we identify the average flow velocity as the key control of absorption efficiency and bacterial growth, independently of the exact contraction pattern. We uncover self-regulation of contraction and flow in response to nutrients and bacterial levels to promote efficient absorption while restraining detrimental bacterial overgrowth.

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Gut microbiota-motility interregulation: insights from in vivo, ex vivo and in silico studies

Cited by 51 publications

References 187 publications

Role of gut microbiota-derived signals in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility

Role of gut microbiota-derived signals in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility

Steady streaming flow induced by active biological microstructures; application to small intestine villi

Changing flows balance nutrient absorption and bacterial growth along the gut

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