Gut microbiota injury in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is considered to be the strongest curative immunotherapy for various malignancies (primarily, but not limited to, haematologic malignancies). However, application of allo-HSCT is limited owing to its life-threatening major complications, such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse and infections. Recent advances in large-scale DNA sequencing technology have facilitated rapid identification of the microorganisms that make up the microbiota and evaluation of their interactions with host immunity in various diseases, including cancer. This has resulted in renewed interest regarding the role of the intestinal flora in patients with haematopoietic malignancies who have received an allo-HSCT and in whether the microbiota affects clinical outcomes, including GVHD, relapse, infections and transplant-related mortality. In this Review, we discuss the potential role of intestinal microbiota in these major complications after allo-HSCT, summarize clinical trials evaluating the microbiota in patients who have received allo-HSCT and discuss how further studies of the microbiota could inform the development of strategies that improve outcomes of allo-HSCT.

Vendor-specific microbiome controls both acute and chronic murine lung allograft rejection by altering CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell levels

“…bacteria are a normal component of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, as well as other mucosal tissues, and play an important role in both health and disease. Our data further expand on the complexity that the commensal microbiome plays in orchestrating the homeostasis of the immune system [28][29][30][31][32]. It has been previously demonstrated that in C57BL/6 mice, specifically obtained from the ENVIGO Indiana facility, induction of dysbiosis with broad-spectrum antibiotics can alter antigen-presenting capacity of myeloid cells ameliorating rejection of both skin and heart grafts due to impaired priming of alloreactive T cells.…”

Observational Cohort Study of Oral Mycobiome and Interkingdom Interactions over the Course of Induction Therapy for Leukemia

“…gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities, and the development of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) (1)(2)(3). For example, several studies have established an association between the gut microbiota and HSCT outcomes, including transplant-related mortality, relapse rates, and overall survival (4,5).…”

A gut microbiota score predicting acute graft-versus-host disease following myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

“…The gut microbiota is associated with the development of aGVHD, and loss of microbiota diversity is an independent risk factor for aGVHD . In this study, we demonstrated that the constitution of the microbiota at engraftment following myeloablative allo‐HSCT is associated with aGVHD.…”

“…The gut microbiota is associated with the development of aGVHD, and loss of microbiota diversity is an independent risk factor for aGVHD. 15,[21][22][23] In this study, we demonstrated that the constitution of the microbiota at engraftment following myeloablative allo-HSCT is associated with aGVHD. Furthermore, we used the LASSO algorithm to develop and validate a model in which the GMS could predict the subsequent occurrence and development of aGVHD.…”

“…Increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the development of aGVHD . However, the relevant microbiota found to be related to aGVHD was not consistent among different transplant centers .…”