Gut Microbiota in Psoriasis

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with autoimmune pathogenic characteristics and is caused by chronic inflammation, which results in uncontrolled keratinocyte growth and defective differentiation. The link between the gut microbiota and immune system regulation opened a novel angle to understand the pathogenesis of many chronic multifactorial diseases, including psoriasis. Current evidence suggests that modulation of the gut microbiota, both through dietary approaches and through supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, could represent a novel therapeutic approach. The present work aims to highlight the latest scientific evidence regarding the microbiome alterations of psoriatic patients, as well as state of the art insights in terms of microbiome-targeted therapies as promising preventive and therapeutic tools for psoriasis.

Gut microbiome diversity and serum levels of lipopolysaccharide‐bound protein (LPB) in men with psoriasis under different systemic therapies

“…In contrast, there were no significant changes with the use of ustekinumab, except for the increase in abundance of only the genus Coprococcus after 6 months of treatment. 1 Our study did not separate the two classes of immunobiologicals, however, it showed a lower F/B ratio compared with other systemic treatments. Furthermore, the anti-interleukin group accounted for the lowest levels of LPB.…”

Role of gut microbiota in infectious and inflammatory diseases

“…Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis has been shown in psoriatic patients and it correlates to the severity and status of the disease ( Huang et al, 2019 ; Buhaș et al, 2022 ). Moreover, psoriatic patients showed less diversity in gut microbiota when compared to controls ( Schade et al, 2022 ).…”

“…It was hypothesized that the differential plenty of bacteria may be the reason for the gut dysbiosis in psoriasis instead of the number of bacterial species ( Thye et al, 2022 ). A link between gut dysbiosis and butanoate metabolism and butyrate production has also been proposed, since it has been implicated in the regulation of various inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-10, and Il-1𝛽 ( Buhaș et al, 2022 ). It has been hypothesized that the presence of Escherichia coli could be related to psoriasis, since it was increased in intestinal flora of psoriatic patients.…”

“…E. coli is known to be responsible for the production of TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines and also have been related to the etiology of IBD (discussed above), which is known to be related to psoriasis ( Wen et al, 2023 ). Although the immunological and inflammatory responses in psoriatic patients seem to be affected by intestinal dysbiosis, the composition of the microbiota profile still needs more investigation since the results are heterogeneous ( Buhaș et al, 2022 ).…”

Gut Microbiome as a Novel Treatment Strategy for Psoriasis

“…In contrast, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which represent an element of the outer membrane of Gramnegative bacteria, could induce the over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, causing a moderate inflammation status in the human body [20,21]. The link between the gut microbiota and immune system regulation opened a novel angle to understand the pathogenesis of psoriasis and indicated new possibilities for treatment/prevention such as modification of dietary habits, Probiotics, Omega 3 Fatty Acids, Quercetin or even Curcumin supplementation, and fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) [22] This study aims to highlight the latest scientific evidence regarding the microbiome alterations of psoriatic patients, as well as the state of knowledge in terms of microbiometargeted therapies as promising preventive and therapeutic tools for psoriasis.…”