Gut microbiota characteristics in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Abstract

Background Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), defined as diarrhea that occurs in association with the administration of antibiotics and without another clear etiology, is one of the most common adverse drug events of antibiotics therapy. We established a diarrhea model induced by gentamycin and cefradine to investigate the microbiota characteristics in the intestinal lumen of mice with AAD and provide insights into noteworthy bacteria related to gentamicin and cefradine-associated diarrhea. Results The number of OTUs in the model group and the normal group was 983 and 2107, respectively, and 872 identical OTUs were shared between two groups. Species richness and species diversity of intestinal microbe were altered by antibiotics administration. PCoA showed a clear separation between AAD and health control. The dominant phyla of AAD mice were Firmicutes (52.63%) and Proteobacteria (46.37%). Among the genus with top 20 abundance, the relative abundance of 7 genera, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, and Aerococcus, were enriched in the model group. Based upon the LEfSe analysis, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, and Blautia were identified as potential biomarkers for AAD. Conclusions The bacterial diversity of the intestinal lumen was diminished after gentamicin and cefradine administration. The alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota further led to the dysfunction of gut microbiota. More specifically, gentamicin and cefradine significantly increased the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens, of which Enterococcus and Clostridium were the most prominent and most worthy of attention.

Sex Difference of Effect of Sophora flavescens on Gut Microbiota in Rats

“…Clostridium is a Gram-positive anaerobe that produces spores and is the most common pathogen in antibiotic-associated diarrhea [ 59 ]. Shao et al [ 60 ] found that the number of Clostridium in the intestinal tract of antibiotic-associated diarrhea model mice established by gentamicin and cefradine was significantly increased. Lincomycin has also been used as an inducer for antibiotic-associated diarrhea [ 61 ].…”

Selection strategy of dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute or chronic colitis mouse models based on gut microbial profile

“…Relevant sequences were aligned with the software Muscle [ 44 ] (version 3.8.31) and clustering trees were constructed using the FastTree [ 45 ] (version 2.1) and UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) software. Multivariate statistical techniques including PCoA (principal coordinates analysis) [ 46 ] and NMDS (non-metric multi-dimensional scaling) [ 47 ] of Bray-Curtis distances were calculated using the Vegan package (version 2.5.3) and plotted using ggplot2 package (version 2.2.1).…”

Integrated Bacterial and Fungal Diversity Analysis Reveals the Gut Microbial Alterations in Diarrheic Giraffes

“…Previously, numerous studies were performed on pathogenic bacteria, parasite, and virus to reveal the cause of ruminant diarrhea ( Gallardo et al, 2020 ; He et al, 2020 ). Recent studies on gut microbiota of goat, yak, and mice have provided evidence that gut microbial dysbiosis may be one of the reasons of diarrhea ( Han et al, 2017 ; Shao et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Metagenomic analysis based on high-throughput sequencing technology is an efficient tool for characterizing gut microbial composition and diversity differences after suffering certain diseases and has made possible in systematically investigating the relationship between host diseases and gut microbiota ( Han et al, 2017 ; Shao et al, 2020 ). Moreover, in-depth comparison and analysis of obtained gut microbial information contributed to further understand the mechanisms causing ill health and develop the strategies to minimize the collateral damage ( Han et al, 2017 ; Shao et al, 2020 ). Giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis ) mainly inhabiting the African continent is the tallest terrestrial ruminant in the world and displays a complicated gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem ( Brown et al, 2007 ; AlZahal et al, 2016 ).…”