Gut Microbiota Approach—A New Strategy to Treat Parkinson’s Disease

Liu, Jing; Xu, Fei; Nie, Zhiyan; Shao, Lingyun

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.570658

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 203 publications

(243 reference statements)

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“…Other studies have shown that certain bacteria belonging to Bacteroidetes ( Porphyromonas gingivalis ) was detected in brain and may be involved in neurodegenerative disease, particularly for Alzheimer disease [ 54 , 61 ]. However, for Parkinson disease, metabolites of the imbalanced gut microbiome, in particular Gram-negative pathogens, are the trigger for the loss of dopaminergic neurons and mitochondria dysfunction [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Diseases That May Occur As a Results Of Microbiome Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of diet on human gut microbiome and disease risk

Mansour

Moustafa

Saad

et al. 2021

New Microbes and New Infections

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The gut microbiome of humans comprises a diverse group of trillions of microorganisms including symbiotic organisms, opportunistic pathogens and commensal organisms. This microbiota plays a major role in digesting food; it also helps with absorbing and synthesizing some nutrients and releases their metabolites, which may deliver a variety of growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting factors that influence human health either directly or indirectly. The balance between microbial species, especially those responsible for the fermentation of different substrates within the microbial community, which are in the majority, depends on daily diet. Therefore, an unbalanced diet may lead to the progression and development of human diseases. These include metabolic and inflammatory disorders, cancer and depression, as well as infant health and longevity. We provide an overview of the effect of diet on the human microbiome and assess the related risk of disease development.

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Section: Diseases That May Occur As a Results Of Microbiome Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of diet on human gut microbiome and disease risk

Mansour

Moustafa

Saad

et al. 2021

New Microbes and New Infections

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“…Patients with Parkinson’s disease have obvious gut microbiota dysbiosis, which leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in anti-inflammatory bacteria. Thus, gut microbiota dysbiosis is potentially related to Parkinson’s disease state and progression ( Liu et al, 2020 ). Alzheimer’s disease causes gut microbiota imbalance, facilitating the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain parenchyma and enhanced microglial activation, contributing to cognitive decline and amyloid-β burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease ( Kim et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Induced by Intracerebral Hemorrhage Aggravates Neuroinflammation in Mice

Zhou

Shao

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces a strong hematoma-related neuroinflammatory reaction and alters peripheral immune homeostasis. Recent research has found that gut microbiota plays a role in neurodegeneration and autoimmune diseases by regulating immune homeostasis and neuroinflammation. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between ICH, microbiota alteration, and immune responses after hematoma-induced acute brain injury. In our study, we used a mouse model of ICH, and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing showed that ICH causes gut microbiota dysbiosis, which in turn affects ICH outcome through immune-mediated mechanisms. There was prominent reduced species diversity and microbiota overgrowth in the dysbiosis induced by ICH, which may reduce intestinal motility and increase gut permeability. In addition, recolonizing ICH mice with a normal health microbiota ameliorates functional deficits and neuroinflammation after ICH. Meanwhile, cell-tracking studies have demonstrated the migration of intestinal lymphocytes to the brain after ICH. In addition, therapeutic transplantation of fecal microbiota improves intestinal barrier damage. These results support the conclusion that the gut microbiome is a target of ICH-induced systemic alteration and is considered to have a substantial impact on ICH outcome.

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“…It has been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections or other diseases, and has been approved by the World Health Organization and the USA Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical treatment ( Carlucci et al., 2016 ). FMT includes screening, homogenization, filtration, and reuse of fecal samples for specific microbiota, followed by colon administration or oral administration in the form of oral tube or capsule containing lyophilized substances ( Liu et al., 2020 ). Currently, it is believed that direct administration of FMT by colonoscopy is the most effective approach, but attention should be paid to the risk of bleeding.…”

Section: Microbial Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Parkinson’s Disease With Microbes and Microbiological Therapy

Chen

Liang

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder in the world, affecting 1–2 per 1,000 of the population. The main pathological changes of PD are damage of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of the central nervous system and formation of Lewy bodies. These pathological changes also occur in the intestinal tract and are strongly associated with changes in intestinal flora. By reviewing the research progress in PD and its association with intestinal flora in recent years, this review expounded the mechanism of action between intestinal flora and PD as well as the transmission mode of α - synuclein in neurons. In clinical studies, β diversity of intestinal flora in PD patients was found to change significantly, with Lactobacillusaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae being significantly increased and Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae being significantly decreased. In addition, a longer PD course was associated with fewer bacteria and probiotics producing short chain fatty acids, but more pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the motor symptoms of PD patients may be related to Enterobacteriaceae and bacteria. Most importantly, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors and anticholinergic drugs could change the intestinal flora of PD patients and increase the harmful flora, whereas other anti-PD drugs such as levodopa, dopamine agonist, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and amantadine did not have these effects. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics treatment had some potential values in improving the constipation of PD patients, promoting the growth of probiotics, and improving the level of intestinal inflammation. At present, there were only a few case studies and small sample studies which have found certain clinical efficacy of fecal microbiome transplants. Further studies are necessary to elaborate the relationship of PD with microbes.

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Gut Microbiota Approach—A New Strategy to Treat Parkinson’s Disease

Cited by 32 publications

References 203 publications

Impact of diet on human gut microbiome and disease risk

Impact of diet on human gut microbiome and disease risk

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Induced by Intracerebral Hemorrhage Aggravates Neuroinflammation in Mice

Association of Parkinson’s Disease With Microbes and Microbiological Therapy

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