Impact of diet on human gut microbiome and disease risk

Abstract

The gut microbiome of humans comprises a diverse group of trillions of microorganisms including symbiotic organisms, opportunistic pathogens and commensal organisms. This microbiota plays a major role in digesting food; it also helps with absorbing and synthesizing some nutrients and releases their metabolites, which may deliver a variety of growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting factors that influence human health either directly or indirectly. The balance between microbial species, especially those responsible for the fermentation of different substrates within the microbial community, which are in the majority, depends on daily diet. Therefore, an unbalanced diet may lead to the progression and development of human diseases. These include metabolic and inflammatory disorders, cancer and depression, as well as infant health and longevity. We provide an overview of the effect of diet on the human microbiome and assess the related risk of disease development.

Endocrine Disruptors–‘Food’ for Thought

“…Diet and dietary patterns both play a crucial role in chronic diseases of the current century. It is becoming more and more evident from studies conducted on the role of nutrition in various conditions that diet plays an inevitable role not only in the pathophysiology of diseases but also in the prevention and protection of disease onset (Bibiloni et al 2013 ; Silveira et al 2018 ). The world over, there are several varied kinds of diet patterns adopted.…”

Twentieth Century Dogmas Prevent Sustainable Healthcare

“…[ [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] Much of the new data and scientific evidence resulting in new dogmas stems from the explosion of research into the microbiome [5], and the recognition that the microbiome plays a huge role in determining human [6][7][8][9], as well as animal [10][11][12][13][14] and plant health [15][16][17]. Earth is fundamentally a microbial planet [18,19], and most complex organisms on earth have microbiome co-partners that contribute to a spaceship earth concept in which the interlinked microbiome contributes to health vs. disease [20,21].…”

“…This dogma needs to be rejected for the sake of human health. The reality is that the most readily available food on grocery store shelves is not safe for the human superorganism [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. It is loaded with microbiome destroying sugar (e.g., sucrose), artificial sweeteners, high fat, and food emulsifiers.…”

Metagenomic analysis of coprolites from three Late Pleistocene megaherbivores from the Southwestern United States

“…It is possible to detect life-history traits in extant hosts through an analysis of the microbiome, the community of microbes present on and within an organism that is known to be important in many aspects of host health (Mansour et al 2021; Grice and Segre 2011) and behavior (Ezenwa 2003; Johnson and Foster 2018). The microbiome composition varies with host phylogeny (Kartzinel et al 2019), intra-species genetic variation (Blekhman et al 2015; Goodrich et al 2014), sex (Blyton et al 2014), host age (Gordon, Stern, and Collignon 2005), size (Gordon and Cowling 2003), diet (Groussin et al 2017; Carmody et al 2015; Kartzinel et al 2019), gut physiology (Ley et al 2008), geography (Hartel et al 2002), other microbiome species (Gordon, O’Brien, and Pavli 2015), transmission of microbes from other hosts (VanderWaal et al 2014; Blyton et al 2014) and external sources (Chiyo et al 2014), and due to anthropogenic factors such as antibiotic usage (Langdon, Crook, and Dantas 2016).…”

“…While there are many microbiome analyses in the contexts of human health (Velloza and Heffron 2017; Buvé et al 2014; Ursell et al 2012; Mansour et al 2021; Banerjee et al 2022; Grice and Segre 2011), with a growing literature in non-human animals (Ilmberger et al 2014), studies of Late Pleistocene microbiomes are limited. Initially, these began with amplicon-based methods (Tito et al 2012; Hofreiter et al 2000) and permafrost specimens (Hagelberg, Hofreiter, and Keyser 2015; Mardanov et al 2012; Ravin, Prokhortchouk, and Skryabin 2015).…”