Gut microbiota and physical activity: Is there an evidence-based link?

Pedersini, Paolo; Turroni, Silvia; Villafañe, Jorge Hugo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138648

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several studies in rodents have shown that exercise is associated with higher microbiome diversity and regulation of intestinal integrity and inflammation (Campbell et al, 2016). Some reports also showed exercise-induced changes in the gut microbiome in humans (Pedersini et al, 2020). Bressa et al (2017) found that several health-promoting bacterial taxa (such as the SCFA producers Faecalibacterium and Roseburia and the mucin degrader Akkermansia) were significantly overrepresented in fecal samples of women with an active lifestyle when compared to sedentary age-matched women.…”

Section: Gut Microbiome and The Musculoskeletal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome and Space Travelers’ Health: State of the Art and Possible Pro/Prebiotic Strategies for Long-Term Space Missions

Turroni

Magnani

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

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Section: Gut Microbiome and The Musculoskeletal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome and Space Travelers’ Health: State of the Art and Possible Pro/Prebiotic Strategies for Long-Term Space Missions

Turroni

Magnani

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

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“…However, other studies have not been able to find such a correlation and, for instance, a recent study in lean and overweight men showed the lack of effect of a short-term high-intensity interval training exercise on gut bacterial diversity or composition [2]. For this reason, the relationship between physical activity and changes in the intestinal bacteria is still a matter of discussion [3]. In addition, the few studies performed aiming to establish this link between exercise and microbiota are mainly performed in male athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intensive Training and Sex Influence Intestinal Microbiota Composition: A Preclinical Approach

Pérez-Cano

Castell

Ruiz-Iglesias

et al. 2020

First International Electronic Conference on Nutrients, Microbiota and Chronic Disease

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Lifestyle, including regular physical activity and dietary habits, influences microbiota composition. Although some studies have demonstrated changes in microbiota composition due to moderate or high intensity training in athletes, the relationship between physical activity and changes in the intestinal bacteria is still a matter of discussion. In addition, as most studies are performed on males, the role of sexual dimorphism deserves to be explored. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to ascertain the influence of an intensive training and the rat’s sex on caecal microbiota composition. For this purpose, female and male 4-week-old Wistar rats were submitted to a 4-week running training program. At the end, caecal samples were collected immediately after performing an exhaustion test to characterize the microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing technique. Parallel groups of female and male sedentary (SED) rats (age matched) were included. The results showed that young female rats had a higher ability to run than males but no sex- or training-associated changes were observed on microbiota diversity and richness indexes among groups. However, the Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium spp. proportions were significantly higher in male than in female rats when comparing SED groups (p < 0.05), whose proportions in males were decreased by the training program (p < 0.05 vs. SED). On the contrary, female SED rats showed a higher proportion of Odoribacteraceae (belonging to Bacteroidetes), Clostridiaceae and Eubacteriaceae (both Firmicutes) than in the respective male group (p < 0.05), although Eubacteriaceae proportion decreased by running (p < 0.05 vs. SED). However, training increased the proportion of the Paraeggerthella genus (Actinobacteria) in female rats with respect to its sedentary counterpart (p < 0.05). Overall, caecal microbiota composition is modified by intensive training in young rats but there are also sex-based differences that should be considered for interventional studies.

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“…Nevertheless, there exists a need to describe these links in different cohorts around the globe. Also, physical activity and alcohol consumption both have been noted to influence the gut microbiota, but were not taken into account in this study ( 63 , 64 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of healthy food choices with gut microbiota profiles

Koponen

Salosensaari

Ruuskanen

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background Diet has a major influence on the human gut microbiota, which has been linked to health and disease. However, epidemiological studies on associations of a healthy diet with the microbiota utilizing a whole-diet approach are still scant. Objectives To assess associations between healthy food choices and human gut microbiota composition, and to determine the strength of association with functional potential. Methods This population-based study sample consisted of 4930 participants (ages 25–74; 53% women) in the FINRISK 2002 study. Intakes of recommended foods were assessed using a food propensity questionnaire, and responses were transformed into healthy food choices (HFC) scores. Microbial diversity (alpha diversity) and compositional differences (beta diversity) and their associations with the HFC score and its components were assessed using linear regression. Multiple permutational multivariate ANOVAs were run from whole-metagenome shallow shotgun–sequenced samples. Associations between specific taxa and HFC were analyzed using linear regression. Functional associations were derived from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthologies with linear regression models. Results Both microbial alpha diversity (β/SD, 0.044; SE, 6.18 × 10−5; P = 2.21 × 10−3) and beta diversity (R2, 0.12; P ≤ 1.00 × 10−3) were associated with the HFC score. For alpha diversity, the strongest associations were observed for fiber-rich breads, poultry, fruits, and low-fat cheeses (all positive). For beta diversity, the most prominent associations were observed for vegetables, followed by berries and fruits. Genera with fiber-degrading and SCFA-producing capacities were positively associated with the HFC score. The HFC score was associated positively with functions such as SCFA metabolism and synthesis, and inversely with functions such as fatty acid biosynthesis and the sulfur relay system. Conclusions Our results from a large, population-based survey confirm and extend findings of other, smaller-scale studies that plant- and fiber-rich dietary choices are associated with a more diverse and compositionally distinct microbiota, and with a greater potential to produce SCFAs.

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Gut microbiota and physical activity: Is there an evidence-based link?

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Gut Microbiome and Space Travelers’ Health: State of the Art and Possible Pro/Prebiotic Strategies for Long-Term Space Missions

Gut Microbiome and Space Travelers’ Health: State of the Art and Possible Pro/Prebiotic Strategies for Long-Term Space Missions

Intensive Training and Sex Influence Intestinal Microbiota Composition: A Preclinical Approach

Associations of healthy food choices with gut microbiota profiles

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