Gut Microbiome and Space Travelers’ Health: State of the Art and Possible Pro/Prebiotic Strategies for Long-Term Space Missions

Turroni, Silvia; Magnani, Marciane; Kc, Pukar; Lesnik, Philippe; Vidal, Hubert; Heer, Martina

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.553929

Cited by 73 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…These findings are important to consider in the context of previously observed changes in astronaut intestinal microbiota 3,48,78 , where some alterations were linked with decreased abundance of antiinflammatory species and increases in select pro-inflammatory species 3,78 . In addition, the use of nutritional countermeasures to prevent or mitigate infection including the modulation of nutritional supplements 2,10 or probiotic microbes for intestinal health during spaceflight (including for protection against pathogens) [79][80][81] are active areas of research and have shown promise in ground-based studies. Our investigation adds to the growing number of studies aimed at mitigating infectious disease risks to humans during spaceflight missions and for the general public on Earth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effect of spaceflight on the host–pathogen interaction between human intestinal epithelial cells and Salmonella Typhimurium

et al. 2021

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Spaceflight uniquely alters the physiology of both human cells and microbial pathogens, stimulating cellular and molecular changes directly relevant to infectious disease. However, the influence of this environment on host–pathogen interactions remains poorly understood. Here we report our results from the STL-IMMUNE study flown aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-131, which investigated multi-omic responses (transcriptomic, proteomic) of human intestinal epithelial cells to infection with Salmonella Typhimurium when both host and pathogen were simultaneously exposed to spaceflight. To our knowledge, this was the first in-flight infection and dual RNA-seq analysis using human cells.

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effect of spaceflight on the host–pathogen interaction between human intestinal epithelial cells and Salmonella Typhimurium

et al. 2021

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“…Preparation of the insect has been described in detail elsewhere 13 , 25 . Briefly, the moth was restrained inside a plastic tube with the head exposed and then immobilized with dental wax (Kerr Corporation, Romulus, MI, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous mass staining experiments from the relevant segment of the labial palps have demonstrated sensory fibers targeting various sites including bilateral projections to one glomerulus in each antennal lobe (AL), called the LPO glomerulus (LPOG) 9 , 12 . A recent study reported that the LPO sensory projections which include bilateral, ipsilateral, and contralateral neurons, target the LPOG exclusively 13 .The remaining AL glomeruli, comprising three male-specific glomeruli (the macroglomerular complex, MGC) and ca. 75 ordinary glomeruli, receive input from antennal neurons tuned to pheromones and plant odors, respectively 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, only one study on this system has been carried out, reporting two types of CO 2 -responding neurons originating from the LPOG in M. sexta 34 . Based on the previously well-described chemosensory pathway including (1) distinct AL glomeruli for input about pheromones, plant odors, and CO 2 , respectively 9 , 13 , 14 , and (2) a general separation of pheromone and plant odor signals at the subsequent synaptic level 18 , 25 , 35 , it is particularly interesting to investigate how second-order neurons carrying signals from CO 2 are arranged. In the present study, we performed a series of intracellular staining and mass staining experiments enabling tracing of the PNs forming this pathway in H. armigera .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuronal architecture of the second-order CO2 pathway in the brain of a noctuid moth

Chu

Ian

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Many insects possess the ability to detect fine fluctuations in the environmental CO2 concentration. In herbivorous species, plant-emitted CO2, in combination with other sensory cues, affect many behaviors including foraging and oviposition. In contrast to the comprehensive knowledge obtained on the insect olfactory pathway in recent years, we still know little about the central CO2 system. By utilizing intracellular labeling and mass staining, we report the neuroanatomy of projection neurons connected with the CO2 sensitive antennal-lobe glomerulus, the labial pit organ glomerulus (LPOG), in the noctuid moth, Helicoverpa armigera. We identified 15 individual LPOG projection neurons passing along different tracts. Most of these uniglomerular neurons terminated in the lateral horn, a previously well-described target area of plant-odor projection neurons originating from the numerous ordinary antennal-lobe glomeruli. The other higher-order processing area for odor information, the calyces, on the other hand, was weakly innervated by the LPOG neurons. The overlapping LPOG terminals in the lateral horn, which is considered important for innate behavior in insects, suggests the biological importance of integrating the CO2 input with plant odor information while the weak innervation of the calyces indicates the insignificance of this ubiquitous cue for learning mechanisms.

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“…Because odor is a key part of overall flavor perception (Spence, 2015a), a review of current knowledge on nasal odorant transport is included in this review. Changes in gut microbiota have been noted in astronauts (Douglas et al, 2017;Voorhies et al, 2019) and recent results from Earth-and space-based studies suggest that the oral, nasal, or intestinal microbiota (Canon, Neiers, & Guichard, 2018;Koskinen et al, 2018;Turroni et al, 2020) may play a role in flavor perception or in the food control system. These studies are at an early stage but may be an area to reassess when more data become available.…”

Section: Physiological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting flavor perception in space: Does the spacecraft environment influence food intake by astronauts?

Taylor¹,

Beauchamp

Briand

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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The intention to send a crewed mission to Mars involves a huge amount of planning to ensure a safe and successful mission. Providing adequate amounts of food for the crew is a major task, but 20 years of feeding astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) have resulted in a good knowledge base. A crucial observation from the ISS is that astronauts typically consume only 80% of their daily calorie requirements when in space. This is despite daily exercise regimes that keep energy usage at very similar levels to those found on Earth. This calorie deficit seems to have little effect on astronauts who spend up to 12 months on the ISS, but given that a mission to Mars would take 30 to 36 months to complete, there is concern that a calorie deficit over this period may lead to adverse effects in crew members. The key question is why astronauts undereat when they have a supply of food designed to fully deliver their nutritional needs. This review focuses on evidence from astronauts that foods taste different in space, compared to on Earth. The underlying hypothesis is that conditions in space may change the perceived flavor of the food, and this flavor change may, in turn, lead to underconsumption by astronauts. The key areas investigated in this review for their potential impact on food intake are the effects of food shelf life, physiological changes, noise, air and water quality on the perception of food flavor, as well as the link between food flavor and food intake.

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Gut Microbiome and Space Travelers’ Health: State of the Art and Possible Pro/Prebiotic Strategies for Long-Term Space Missions

Cited by 73 publications

References 187 publications

Evaluating the effect of spaceflight on the host–pathogen interaction between human intestinal epithelial cells and Salmonella Typhimurium

Evaluating the effect of spaceflight on the host–pathogen interaction between human intestinal epithelial cells and Salmonella Typhimurium

Neuronal architecture of the second-order CO2 pathway in the brain of a noctuid moth

Factors affecting flavor perception in space: Does the spacecraft environment influence food intake by astronauts?

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