Gut and vaginal microbiomes on steroids: implications for women’s health

Graham, Madeline; Herbert, William G.; Song, Stephanie; Raman, Harshini; Zhu, Jade E.; Gonzalez, Paulina E.; Walther-Antonio, Marina; Tetel, Marc J.

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.014

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…This means that an imbalance in GM diminishes the original protective effect and promotes the development of colorectal cancer ( 14 ). Also, GM may affect the efficacy of drugs during cancer treatment by targeting the immune response and disrupting the chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity ( 15 , 16 ). At present, immunotherapy for cancer is a major hot topic in cancer treatment.…”

Section: Intestinal Microecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GM disorder promotes tumor growth and causes an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in xenograft mice ( 36 ). Additionally, the imbalance of GM is associated with obesity ( 37 ) and estrogen level ( 15 ); obesity and estrogen imbalance are risk factors for the incidence of ovarian cancer ( 2 , 38 ). This indicates that imbalanced GM could cause obesity and estrogen imbalance via an approach that triggers ovarian cancer.…”

Section: Gynecologic Malignancies and Gmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GM are able to regulate systemic estrogen levels in women. β-glucuronidases and β-glucuronides encoded by estrobolome such as ( 49 ) Bifidobacterium , Clostridium , and Lactobacillus are able to act in the intestine to regulate circulating estrogen levels ( 15 , 50 ). They remove the glucuronides of conjugated estrogens excreted via bile to obtain free estrogen molecules.…”

Section: Gynecologic Malignancies and Gmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gut Microbes in Gynecologic Cancers: Causes or Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential

et al. 2022

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The human intestine is home to a variety of microorganisms. In healthy populations, the intestinal flora shares a degree of similarity and stability, and they have a role in the metabolism, immunological response, and physiological function of key organs. With the rapid advent of high-throughput sequencing in recent years, several researchers have found that dysbiosis of the human gut microflora potentially cause physical problems and gynecological malignancies among postmenopausal women. Besides, dysbiosis hinders tumor treatment. Nonetheless, the importance of maintaining homeostatic gut microbiota and the effective use of probiotics in the treatment of gynecological malignancies should not be disregarded. Moreover, intestinal flora regulation and the involvement of probiotics as well as associated biologically active substances in gynecological malignancies could be an adjuvant treatment modality related to surgery and chemoradiotherapy in the future. Herein, this article aims to review the potential relationship between gut microorganisms and postmenopausal status as well as gynecologic malignancies; then the relationship between gut microbes and early screening as well as therapeutic aspects. Also, we describe the role of probiotics in the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of gynecologic malignancies.

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Section: Intestinal Microecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gynecologic Malignancies and Gmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gynecologic Malignancies and Gmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Microbes in Gynecologic Cancers: Causes or Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential

et al. 2022

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“…Immunity changes during pregnancy ( Amir et al., 2020 ; Graham et al., 2021 ), and this change also increases the susceptibility for infectious diseases of pregnant women ( Robinson and Klein, 2012 ). Existing studies have shown that the prevalence of mixed infections in non-pregnant women is lower than that in pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Vaginitis in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy Is Associated With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dong

Xie

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Mixed vaginitis is a complex vaginal dysbiosis that differs from single vaginitis. Vaginitis in the third trimester may lead to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The clinical characteristics, microbiological characteristics, and adverse pregnancy outcomes of mixed vaginitis in late pregnancy are worth studying. Therefore, this study investigated the clinical and microbiological characteristics of vaginitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes of patients with mixed vaginitis. We studied 1,674 women in late pregnancy who attended the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from November, 2019 to October, 2021. We administered standardized questionnaires, performed vaginal examination and sampling plus microscope examinations, and assessed follow-up pregnancy outcomes. We cultured the vaginal discharge of the patients with mixed vaginitis to isolate pathogens and performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the isolated pathogens. For the patients with peripartum infection, we collected a sample to isolate pathogens. Among the 1,674 women, 66 (3.9%) had mixed vaginitis. The independent risk factor for mixed vaginitis in late pregnancy was a history of vaginitis during early and middle pregnancy (OR = 5.637, 95% CI: 3.314–9.580). The signs of vaginal erythema (63.6% vs. 42.0%), yellow discharge (81.8% vs. 59.6%), and malodor (31.8% vs. 18.8%) (P <0.05) were significantly higher in patients with mixed vaginitis than in patients with single vaginitis. Bacterial isolates of the vaginal secretions of patients with mixed bacterial vaginitis were mainly the pathogens of aerobic vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Streptococcus anginosus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Pathogen isolation of the vaginal secretions of patients with mixed fungus and bacteria vaginitis mainly included Candida albicans, followed by S. anginosus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus simulans. Women with mixed vaginitis had an increased incidence and risk of peripartum infections (6.1% vs. 1.4%, P <0.05; OR = 3.985, 95% CI:1.214–13.079). Escherichia coli is the main pathogen that causes peripartum infection. Mixed vaginitis in late pregnancy is characterized by a severe and complex phenotype, complex vaginal dysbiosis, and a long course of vaginal dysbiosis. This can lead to an increased incidence and risk of peripartum infection. Therefore, more attention should be paid to patients with mixed vaginitis in the third trimester of pregnancy.

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“…Researchers have begun to pay attention to the impact of gut and vaginal microbiomes on female reproductive endocrine function ( 18 ). Studies that evaluated the effect of gut microbiota on ovarian function are limited and mainly focus on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and menopause ( 19 , 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Microbiota Changes in Patients With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency and Its Correlation With Ovarian Function

Wen¹,

Feng²,

Yan³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectivesTo reveal the characteristics of vaginal microbiota in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients and their relationship with ovarian function.Materials and MethodsIn this case-control study, the vaginal bacterial composition of 30 POI patients and 26 healthy women of comparable age was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable regions. The metabolic functions of vaginal microflora were preliminarily predicted through the PICRUSt2 analysis. Redundancy analysis and Spearman’s correlation analyzed the relationships between vaginal microbiota and ovarian function indicators.ResultsActinobacteria, Atopobium, and Gardnerella were significantly increased in POI patients. Their increments were significantly negatively correlated with anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B, and positively correlated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). While Bifidobacterium was significantly decreased in POI patients. Its relative abundance was significantly positively correlated with AMH and negatively correlated with FSH and LH. Then, POI patients included in this study were divided into POI (25 < FSH ≤ 40) (n = 9) and premature ovarian failure (POF) (FSH > 40) (n = 21) subgroups according to serum FSH levels. Compared with the controls, Firmicutes and Lactobacillus were significantly decreased only in POF (FSH > 40) patients, while no difference was observed in POI (25 < FSH ≤ 40) patients. Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with FSH. Firmicutes was significantly reduced and Actinobacteria was significantly increased in POF (FSH > 40) patients compared with POI (25 < FSH ≤ 40) patients. The key bacterial taxa Gardnerella and Atopobium showed potency in predicting POI.ConclusionsHere we demonstrated significant changes in the vaginal microbiota of POI patients, and these changes were significantly correlated with reduced ovarian reserve, endocrine disruption, and symptoms of perimenopausal syndrome. Differences in vaginal microbiota between POI (25 < FSH ≤ 40) and POF (FSH > 40) patients were also identified. These findings may provide new evidence for the relationship between vaginal microbiota and ovarian function.

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Gut and vaginal microbiomes on steroids: implications for women’s health

Cited by 37 publications

References 105 publications

Gut Microbes in Gynecologic Cancers: Causes or Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential

Gut Microbes in Gynecologic Cancers: Causes or Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential

Mixed Vaginitis in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy Is Associated With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaginal Microbiota Changes in Patients With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency and Its Correlation With Ovarian Function

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