Vaginal Microbiota Changes in Patients With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency and Its Correlation With Ovarian Function

Ren

et al. 2023

Animals

A close association exists among testicular function, gut microbiota regulation, and organismal metabolism. In this study, serum and seminal plasma metabolomes, and the rumen microbiome of sheep with significant differences in sperm viability, were explored. Serum and seminal plasma metabolomes differed significantly between high-motility (HM) and low-motility (LM) groups of sheep, and 39 differential metabolites closely related to sperm motility in sheep were found in seminal plasma metabolomes, while 35 were found in serum samples. A 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that the relative abundance of HM and LM rumen microorganisms, such as Ruminococcus and Quinella, was significantly higher in the HM group, whereas genera such as Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Lactobacillus were enriched in the mid-LM group. Serum hormone assays revealed that serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and MT levels were significantly lower in the LM group than in the HM group, whereas serum glucocorticoid (GC) levels were higher in the LM group than in the HM group, and they all affected sperm motility in sheep. Ruminococcus and other rumen microorganisms were positively correlated with sperm motility, whereas Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with FSH and GCs levels. Our findings suggest that rumen microbial activity can influence the host metabolism and hormone levels associated with fertility in sheep.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome–Metabolome Reveals the Contribution of the Gut–Testis Axis to Sperm Motility in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Ren

et al. 2023

Animals

“…PCOS patients always had increased AMH levels, and AMH levels were associated with many of its clinical symptoms. Previous studies have reported that AMH levels were negatively correlated with vaginal Actinobacteria , Atopobium , and Gardnerella abundance in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency [ 38 ]. We do not think it was a causal relationship because it was an observational case–control study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change of the vaginal microbiome with oral contraceptive therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a 6-month longitudinal cohort study

Hong,

Qin,

Gao

et al. 2023

BMC Med

Background The association between the vaginal microbiome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is reported, but the longitudinal changes in the vaginal microbiome that accompany oral contraceptive therapy have not been described. Methods This cohort study included 50 PCOS patients who wanted to make their menstrual periods more regular and accepted only oral contraceptive therapy and lifestyle coaching, then they were successfully followed up for 6 months. Venous blood was collected, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (T), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and estradiol (E2) were assayed at baseline and at months 3 and 6. Vaginal swabs were collected at baseline and at months 3 and 6. 16S rRNA genes were sequenced to identify the microbiota structure. Latent class trajectory models were used to explore the trajectory of the changes in Lactobacillus abundance. Results At 3 months, all patients reported regular periods, and the improvement lasted until 6 months. The body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio decreased with treatment (P < 0.01), and the AMH and T levels showed downward trends. We did not find a statistically significant relationship between hormone levels at the previous time point and the vaginal microbiota at subsequent time points (P > 0.05). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased with treatment, and trajectory analysis revealed five classes of Lactobacillus changes. Class 1, stable high level, accounted for 26%; class 2, decrease followed by increase, accounted for 18%; class 3, stable low level, accounted for 10%; class 4, increase, accounted for 20%; class 5, increase followed by decrease, accounted for 26%. Logistic models showed that compared to class 1, a higher baseline T level was associated with a reduced risk of class 2 change (odds ratio (OR) = 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.01–0.52) and class 4 change (OR = 0.10, 95% CI:0.01–0.93). Conclusions The abundance of Lactobacilli increased with PCOS treatment; however, the trajectory was inconsistent for each individual. Evidence of the effects of female hormone levels on the vaginal microbiome is insufficient.

“…These changes in the microbiota might have reduced the ovarian reserve and disrupted the secretion of sex hormones. 193 In animal experiments, it was speculated that…”

Section: Gut-vagina-ovarian Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes in the microbiota might have reduced the ovarian reserve and disrupted the secretion of sex hormones. 193 In animal experiments, it was speculated that vaginal microbiota and gut microbiota might influence the recovery of estrus after weaning in sows through serum metabolites. However, the specific role of vaginal microbiota was not elaborated in the paper.…”

Section: Gut–vagina–ovarian Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of probiotic modulation of ovarian sex hormone production and metabolism: a review

Liu,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2024

Food Funct.