Guidelines for multilingual linked data

Abstract

In this article, we argue that there is a growing number of linked datasets in different natural languages, and that there is a need for guidelines and mechanisms to ensure the quality and organic growth of this emerging multilingual data network. However, we have little knowledge regarding the actual state of this data network, its current practices, and the open challenges that it poses. Questions regarding the distribution of natural languages, the links that are established across data in different languages, or how linguistic features are represented, remain mostly unanswered. Addressing these and other language-related issues can help to identify existing problems, propose new mechanisms and guidelines or adapt the ones in use for publishing linked data including language-related features, and, ultimately, provide metrics to evaluate quality aspects. In this article we review, discuss, and extend current guidelines for publishing linked data by focusing on those methods, techniques and tools that can help RDF publishers to cope with language barriers. Whenever possible, we will illustrate and discuss each of these guidelines, methods, and tools on the basis of practical examples that we have encountered in the publication of the datos.bne.es dataset.

Multilingualität und Linked Data

“…Bisherige Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass lediglich 21% der RDF-Literale einen Sprach-Tag haben. Darüber hinaus ist Englisch eindeutig die führende Sprache im Linked-DataWeb-in dem Sinne, dass sie 85% aller Sprach-Tags ausmacht (siehe [14] In einigen Fällen müssen Konzepte nicht nur durch neue ersetzt, sondern auch verfeinert oder verallgemeinert werden. Betrachten wir den Begriff "Fluss" im Deutschen bzw.…”

JRC-Names: Multilingual entity name variants and titles as Linked Data

“…Multilingual linguistic information can first support data integration. Given the growing trend towards the publication of non-English data sources and the risk of 'monolingual islands' of data that do not interoperate [27], cross-lingual mappings between datasets are necessary. In this context, the lexicalisation of data on a multilingual basis can be of great help [60].…”

“…Based on such insights, members of the NLP and SW communities -in particular the Open Linguistics Working Group and the W3C OntologyLexica Community Group 2 -joined efforts for the definition of best practices [27] and the design of principled models for the representation of linguistic information [46,42]. This laid the foundation for the development of a Linguistic Linked Open Data cloud (LLOD) and provided a real impetus for the publication and the use of linguistic data collections on the Web 3 .…”

Knowledge Portability with Semantic Expansion of Ontology Labels

“…ontologies or taxonomies, has labels expressed in English only. 1 On the one hand, the increasing amount of ontologies offers an excellent opportunity to link this knowledge together (Gómez-Pérez et al, 2013). On the other hand, non-English users may encounter difficulties when using the ontological knowledge represented only in English.…”