Guidelines for Irrigation Water Quality and Water Management in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Overview

Hussain, Ghulam; Alquwaizan, A.; Al-Zarah, Abdullah I.

doi:10.3923/jas.2010.79.96

Cited by 61 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Accordingly, out of the selected 28 variables, only turbidity showed outlier at the 17 th site. Since only concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were given for the UB, TH indicated in Table 2 was computed as the concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ expressed as equivalent of CaCO 3 (Lenntech, 2014) by using equation (1): (1) Soil sodicity, which is expressed by a ratio called Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and depicted in Table 3, could be calculated from the major cations by using equation (2) (Lesch and Suarez, 2009;Seid and Genanew, 2013;Hussain et al, 2010). (2) which represents a suitable sodium hazard index for typical irrigation water.…”

Section: Data Collection Quality Control and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating water quality of Awash River using water quality index

Keraga¹,

Kiflie²,

Engida³

2017

Int. J. Water Res. Environ. Eng.

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Awash river has been impaired by various types of pollution owing to waste released from different socio-economic activities in its basin. This research was aimed at evaluating its quality status with respect to drinking and irrigation water uses. Based on accessibility and land use severity, 17 sample sites were chosen along the river and sampling was done twice in each of the dry and wet seasons. Thereafter, both onsite and offsite water quality analyses were undertaken following standard procedures. Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) was applied to compute the water quality indices. Accordingly, the drinking and irrigation water quality indices of the upper basin were found to be 34.79 and 46.39 respectively, which were in the poor and marginal categories of the Canadian water quality ranking. Meanwhile, the respective indices for the middle/lower basin, which were 32.25 and 62.78, lie in the poor and fair ranges of the ranking. Although the difference in the dataset used for the two cases and natural purification in the course of the river might contribute to the difference in WQI, it is generally conceivable that the water quality of the river is below the good rank. Establishment of wastewater treatment plants and storm water quality management at hotspot areas are recommended to improve the quality.

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Section: Data Collection Quality Control and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irrigation water quality depends mainly on permeability (Hussain et al, 2010;Bauder et al, 2011). Permeability affects infiltration rate of water into the soil and is determined by the relative concentrations of salinity (Electrical conductivity (EC)) and sodicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating water quality of Awash River using water quality index

Keraga¹,

Kiflie²,

Engida³

2017

Int. J. Water Res. Environ. Eng.

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“…Table 8 indicates that the groundwater is Chloride in irrigation water is the most common source of toxicity. Chloride is highly soluble in water; and because it is not absorbed or held back by soil, therefore moves readily with the soil-water, and is taken up by the crops, moves in the transpiration stream and accumulates in the leaves (Hussain et al, 2010). In the study area, chloride concentrations in groundwater vary between 0.001 and 0.008 meq/l, with evaluation rating of 1 (Christiansen and Olsen, 1973).…”

Section: Hardness (Mg/l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is determined as excess of CO3 2-and HCO 3 -over that of CA 2+ and Mg 2+ concentration in irrigation water. It gives an overview of the permeability problems of soil when irrigated with high sodium waters rather than normal irrigation waters (Hussain et al, 2010). When the weak acids are greater than the alkaline earths, a precipitation of alkaline earths occurs in soil, which damages the permeability of soil (Rao et al, 2012;Bhuiyan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Hardness (Mg/l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogeochemical investigation and characterization of shallow groundwater within Ankpa Town, North Central Nigeria

Akpah¹,

Solomon²,

Oha³

2017

Int. J. Phys. Sci.

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Physico-chemical analysis of groundwater samples from Ankpa, north central Nigeria was carried outto investigate the quality of the water for drinking and irrigation purposes. The results revealed water of average low pH, indicating slightly acidic conditions of the water. The water is soft, and it is characterized as Na + +K -HCO 3 type. It is good for drinking and other domestic uses. Four indices were evaluated from the groundwater chemistry in order to establish the suitability of the water for irrigation purposes. They are the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the percentage sodium (%Na), the magnesium hardness (MH) and the permeability index (PI). The SAR values range from 0.86 to 11.19, with an average of 5.68. The interpretation indicates that the groundwater is good to excellent for irrigation. It further shows that over 90% of the samples can be classified as S1 waters, with no alkali hazard anticipated for the crops grown with the water. The range of the %Na in the groundwater in this study is between 16.28 and 73.97, with an average value of 51.27. This shows that the water ranges from excellent to doubtful for irrigation. The magnesium hardness (MH) in the groundwater ranges from 2.05 to 41.04%, with an average of 20.35%. This indicates that the entire water is safe for use for irrigation purposes. The chloride and sulphate concentrations in the groundwater indicate that the water is excellent for irrigation. However, the permeability index shows completely opposite conditions in the area, with all samples with values above 75.

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Comparison of classical and developed indexing methods for assessing the groundwater suitability for irrigation

Islam

Mostafa

2022

J of Sust Agri & Env

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Introduction: Several water quality indices exist to evaluate irrigation water quality (IWQ), but they have some limitations. This study attempted to develop a new Overall Irrigation Water Quality Index (Overall IWQIndex) using a rational subindex that is flexible enough and updated to signify irrigation water suitability. It considered the maximum verified desirable and permissible value of parameters, including the hazard class, a modified rating system of parameters in each hazard class, and diversified water parameters that have affected the soil and plants.Materials and Methods: A total of 40 calcite-type groundwater samples were analyzed to evaluate the IWQ using the proposed Overall IWQIndex, some IWQ parameters, and different diagram-based statistical methods. Results:The study results were correlated with each other critically, and finally, the suitability for IWQ was determined. The results revealed that the samples of the postmonsoon and premonsoon felt under the 'good' and 'excellent' categories, respectively. Conclusion:The study developed an indexing model that is easy to compute, rationalize and deliver accurate information on the suitability of irrigation water.

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Guidelines for Irrigation Water Quality and Water Management in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Overview

Cited by 61 publications

References 1 publication

Evaluating water quality of Awash River using water quality index

Evaluating water quality of Awash River using water quality index

Hydrogeochemical investigation and characterization of shallow groundwater within Ankpa Town, North Central Nigeria

Comparison of classical and developed indexing methods for assessing the groundwater suitability for irrigation

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