Evaluating water quality of Awash River using water quality index

Keraga, Amare Shiberu; Kiflie, Zebene; Engida, Agizew Nigussie

doi:10.5897/ijwree2017.0736

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The mean value (0.42 mg l −1 ) of NO 2 -N concentration in the present study was higher than the average value (0.06 mg l −1 ) in Tigris River, Turkey (Varol et al 2011), and also Elala River, Tigray, Ethiopia (0.11 mg l −1 ) (Ftsum et al 2015), while it is considerably lower than the average value (1.07 mg l −1 ) in Awash River, Ethiopia (Amare et al 2017).…”

Section: Seasonal and Spatial Variation In Physicochemical Parameterscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Spatial and seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Awash River, Ethiopia

Eliku

Leta

2018

Appl Water Sci

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Awash River, one of the major rivers in Ethiopia which originate from the central highland area, crosses different extended agricultural farms as well as various industries which receives large effluents from different sources. Nineteen physicochemical parameters, as well as heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni), were quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy in eight different sampling stations of Awash River. There was a significant spatial variation (p < 0.05) in average NO 3-N, NH 4-N, TN, BOD and COD values in Awash River. There is a strong and positive correlation between (pH and EC, r = 0.805), (WT and BOD, r = 0.774), (NO 3-N and NO 2-N, r = 0.901), (NO 3-N and TN, r = 0.906), (NO 3-N and TP, 0.830), (NH 4-N and TN, r = 0.876), (NH 4-N and COD, r = 0.848), (TN and TP, r = 0.819), (TN and COD, r = 0.941) during dry season and also between (WT and BOD, r = 0.704), (turbidity and NO 3-N, r = 0.749), (turbidity and NO 2-N, r = 0.722), (NO 3-N and NO 2-N, r = 0.921), (TP and COD, r = 0.789) during wet season. The results showed that the mean concentrations of metals ranked (high to low) Fe > Cr > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd > Ni during dry season, whereas the concentration of heavy metals during wet season was in the following order of decreasing magnitude Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni. Buffer zones should be protected in order to control soil and agricultural nutrients from entering to Awash River. Moreover, industries at the upper stream area should be properly and adequately treat the wastewater before discharging to the Modjo as well as Awash River.

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Section: Seasonal and Spatial Variation In Physicochemical Parameterscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Spatial and seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Awash River, Ethiopia

Eliku

Leta

2018

Appl Water Sci

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“…The pH was slightly acidic in Liverpool Jetty, but neutral in the other stations; this is similar to the report of Samuel et al (2007). Nitrate levels were low in the present study in all stations (0.1-0.4mg/l), similar levels of low nitrate values were also reported by Amare et al (2017) in the upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia.…”

Section: Silt/ Claysupporting

confidence: 90%

Physico-chemical parameters, heavy-metals and soil particle distribution of Liverpool axis of Badagry Creek, Lagos, South-western Nigeria

Adeboyejo,

Clarke,

Uyosue

et al. 2024

TZOOL

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Heavy metal pollution is a serious issue of concern worldwide because it can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms and transferred through the food chain to harm humans. Information on the heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is essential to protect life. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the physico-chemical parameters of surface water, soil particle distribution (SPD) and heavy metals in two shellfish species in Liverpool axis of Badagry Creek, Lagos State, Nigeria. Twelve physico-chemical parameters and four heavy metals were studied using standard methods. The results showed that maximum temperature was 31.0±1.00˚0C; turbidity, 118.00±50.90NTU; dissolved oxygen (DO), 13.3±3.8mg/l; dissolved carbon dioxide (COD), 67.7±19.1mg/l; total hardness, 173.0±63.1mg/l; conductivity, 39.2±12.2μS/cm and chloride was 2.0±0.7mg/l. Water quality parameters showed significant spatial variations (p<0.05) among sample stations. Pearson’s correction matrices revealed high correlation of DO with nitrate (r = 0.61), total hardness (r=0.62) and COD (r=0.52) at p<0.05. The heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in the shellfishes, Callinectes pallidus and Farfantepenaeus notialis were: lead, 0.05±0.05 and 0.04±0.02; copper, 2.03±0.17 and 0.84±0.18; zinc, 3.51±0.44 and 1.99±0.2 and cadmium, 0.02±0.02 and 0.03±0.04 respectively. These levels were not above the WHO standards (for heavy metals in fish and shell fish). The sediment particle distribution (SPD) showed that Liverpool Jetty had 19.05% coarse sand and 43.91% fine sand, while Apapa Jetty had the highest amount of clay 45.29% in the environment. Heavy metals in shellfishes were above the WHO standards.

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“…In CCME WQI the WQI can easily be adopted to the local situations as it permits flexibility in selecting parameters. A number of studies applied CCME WQI in different parts of the world for the evaluation of suitability of water quality for drinking, irrigation and aquatic life [47] in Turkey [48], India [12,49,50], Albania [51] and Iran [52,53] and in different parts of Ethiopia [10,54,55] and elsewhere.…”

Section: Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Methods (Wa Wqi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Water Quality of Lake Hawassa Ethiopia—Trophic State and Suitability for Anthropogenic Uses—Applying Common Water Quality Indices

Lencha

Tränckner

Dananto

2021

IJERPH

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The rapid growth of urbanization, industrialization and poor wastewater management practices have led to an intense water quality impediment in Lake Hawassa Watershed. This study has intended to engage the different water quality indices to categorize the suitability of the water quality of Lake Hawassa Watershed for anthropogenic uses and identify the trophic state of Lake Hawassa. Analysis of physicochemical water quality parameters at selected sites and periods was conducted throughout May 2020 to January 2021 to assess the present status of the Lake Watershed. In total, 19 monitoring sites and 21 physicochemical parameters were selected and analyzed in a laboratory. The Canadian council of ministries of the environment (CCME WQI) and weighted arithmetic (WA WQI) water quality indices have been used to cluster the water quality of Lake Hawassa Watershed and the Carlson trophic state index (TSI) has been employed to identify the trophic state of Lake Hawassa. The water quality is generally categorized as unsuitable for drinking, aquatic life and recreational purposes and it is excellent to unsuitable for irrigation depending on the sampling location and the applied indices. Specifically, in WA WQI, rivers were excellent for agricultural uses and Lake Hawassa was good for agricultural uses. However, the CCME WQI findings showed rivers were good for irrigation but lake Hawassa was marginal for agricultural use. Point sources were impaired for all envisioned purposes. The overall category of Lake Hawassa falls under a eutrophic state since the average TSI was 65.4 and the lake is phosphorous-deficient, having TN:TP of 31.1. The monitored point sources indicate that the city of Hawassa and its numerous industrial discharges are key polluters, requiring a fast and consequent set-up of an efficient wastewater infrastructure, accompanied by a rigorous monitoring of large point sources (e.g., industry, hospitals and hotels). In spite of the various efforts, the recovery of Lake Hawassa may take a long time as it is hydrologically closed. Therefore, to ensure safe drinking water supply, a central supply system according to World Health organization (WHO) standards also for the fringe inhabitants still using lake water is imperative. Introducing riparian buffer zones of vegetation and grasses can support the direct pollution alleviation measures and is helpful to reduce the dispersed pollution coming from the population using latrines. Additionally, integrating aeration systems like pumping atmospheric air into the bottom of the lake using solar energy panels or diffusers are effective mitigation measures that will improve the water quality of the lake. In parallel, the implementation and efficiency control of measures requires coordinated environmental monitoring with dedicated development targets.

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Evaluating water quality of Awash River using water quality index

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Spatial and seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Awash River, Ethiopia

Spatial and seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Awash River, Ethiopia

Physico-chemical parameters, heavy-metals and soil particle distribution of Liverpool axis of Badagry Creek, Lagos, South-western Nigeria

Assessing the Water Quality of Lake Hawassa Ethiopia—Trophic State and Suitability for Anthropogenic Uses—Applying Common Water Quality Indices

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