Guided Tissue Regeneration: An Experimental Procedure in Beagle Dogs

Abstract

This preliminary study examined the healing following an experimental procedure designed to facilitate coronal migration of progenitor cells from the periodontal ligament circumferentially on roots of premolar teeth in beagle dogs. Mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected on the buccal and lingual aspects of premolars in six beagle dogs with periodontal disease. Following root preparation, pieces of orthodontic wire were placed interproximally on the crowns to bridge the spaces between teeth. Biobrane, a synthetic membrane bonded to a knitted nylon fabric and coated with collagen, was placed as a physical barrier between the roots and the flaps to be replaced. The membrane extended as a single piece from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to overlap the crest of alveolar bone by 3 to 4 mm on both the buccal and lingual surfaces of the three premolars in each quadrant. The membrane was attached to the crowns at the CEJ with resin. The flaps were replaced and sutured. Postoperative care included plaque control and the membranes were removed after 5 weeks. The dogs were sacrificed to provide observation periods of 8 and 16 weeks after placement of membranes. Histologic examination revealed new connective tissue attachment in the apical part of the 8- and 16-week experimental specimens. Some experimental specimens showed new attachment up to 2.94 mm while others showed a long junctional epithelium (JE). Root resorption was also seen in some specimens. These preliminary findings suggest that placement of physical barriers between root surface and flaps may be beneficial in facilitating coronal migration of progenitor cells from the periodontal ligament.

Experimental Regeneration of The Periodontium

“…56 The so-called "long junctional epithelium" is the mode of attachment even in periodontal tissues where the pocket depths appear to reduce significantly and clinical attachment levels show substantial gains. Such an epithelial attachment is also seen between new bone and the root surface.…”

“…39 56 -76 ' 83 The extent of new attachment formation reported varies and it appears that predictability is yet to be established. 56 The reasons for variations in the healing pattern can be attributed to our lack of understanding of the healing mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels. For example, it has not been proven that placement of physical barriers in wounds actually favors the coronal migration of cells originating from the remaining periodontal ligament.…”

Evolution of root form endosseous dental implant-Transformation from bone anchored to ligament anchored implants and its neurological aspects-Sensory dental implants

“…There are many studies reported in literature which discusses periodontal regeneration of teeth in experimental animal subjects with periodontal pathology by using Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes [49][50][51][52]. Further, Nayman et al was successful in regenerating periodontium like tissues in periodontolly involved human tooth by using GTR membrane [53].…”

Dental Tissue Regeneration – A Mini-Review

“…For example, dentin production was shown to be induced by calcium hydroxide in pulp-capping procedures in the 1980s [14] , although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Guided tissue regeneration was successfully used to regenerate periodontal tissues and had become a successful and widely available clinical therapy [15] . The emergence of whole-tooth tissue engineering stemmed from the demand for biologically based dental tissue and wholetooth replacements and was made possible by the marriage of biological, developmental and material sciences [13] .…”