Experimental Regeneration of The Periodontium

Aukhil, Ikramuddin; Nishimura, Kazuaki; Fernyhough, W.

doi:10.1177/10454411900010020101

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…(Boyko et a., 1981 (Rose et al, 1987), proliferative capacity and glycosaminoglycan content (Mariotti and Cochran, 1990), chemotactic responses (Nishimura and Terranova, 1996), protein and collagen synthesis (Somerman et al, 1988), response to attachment factors (Somerman et al, 1989), and capacity for mineralized tissue formation (Arceo et al, 1991). Currently, it is unknown if these in vitro findings have clinical correlates in vivo, but it is tempting to speculate that periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts have constitutively different differentiation repertoires that critically determine the outcome of periodontal wound healing (i.e., regeneration or repair; see Aukhil et al, 1990). What are currently lacking from studies that contrast, for example, gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts are: (1) reproducible and comparable methods of primary cell culture; (2) large patient sample sizes; (3) clonal investigations; (4) microdissection methods for the isolation of specific, regional cell populations (see Irwin et al, 1994); (5) defined, clear-cut phenotypic markers that are stable and propagable over long-term culture (see, for example, Bordin et al, 1984); (6) specific identification of fibroblastic cells; and (7) in vivo functional assays that test unambiguously for differences between gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts.…”

Section: Fibroblast Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Healing of periodontal wounds requires the large-scale generation of specialized fibroblastic cell types to synthesize, re-attach, and remodel many types of matrix components. Indeed, the cell types that repopulate the wound will, to a large extent, dictate the type and form of healing tissue (Aukhil et al, 1990). The generation of fibroblast subtypes by differentiation and the regulation of these processes by local cytokines in wounded periodontal tissues are areas of intense research activity.…”

Section: Regulation Of Subpopulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Fibroblast Heterogeneity Relevant To the Health, Diseases, and Treatments of Periodontal Tissues?

Lekic

Pender

McCulloch

1997

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

121

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There are wide variations of gene expression and strikingly different responses to extracellular signals among different fibroblast populations. This has prompted a large number of in vitro studies which suggest that fibroblasts are not homogeneous but instead comprise multiple subpopulations with extensive site-to-site and intra-site variations. Conceivably, either fibroblasts are not all created equal, or, alternatively, discrete subpopulations may emerge in development, inflammatory lesions, or wound healing. While the heterogeneous nature of cultured fibroblasts has been known for some time, are these variations relevant to our understanding of the biology of oral tissues, their involvement in disease, and their response to therapy? Since fibroblasts are the predominant cell type in soft connective tissue matrices, the regulation of their proliferative, synthetic, and degradative behavior is likely to be important in tissue physiology and pathology. In this review, we use the current literature to assess whether fibroblast subpopulations really make a difference in the health and disease of periodontal tissues. We address the following questions: (1) Is fibroblast heterogeneity a real in vivo phenomenon? (2) How can we advance our knowledge of phenotypic variations and the regulation of fibroblast differentiation? (3) Could a knowledge of fibroblast heterogeneity have an impact on the development of new approaches to pathogenesis and the treatment of periodontal tissues?

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Section: Fibroblast Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of Subpopulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Fibroblast Heterogeneity Relevant To the Health, Diseases, and Treatments of Periodontal Tissues?

Lekic

Pender

McCulloch

1997

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…23 Subsequently, PL fibroblasts express ␣-SMA 24 as well as collagen XII, 25 and in wounded periodontal tissues expression of these proteins is an indicator of soft-tissue regeneration. Notably, during early stages of wound healing, OPN 26 is expressed by mineralized and nonmineralized tissue-forming PL cells (reviewed by Denhardt and Guo 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healing of Periodontal Tissues Following Transplantation of Cells in a Rat Orthodontic Tooth Movement Model

Nayak

Wiltshire

Ganss

et al. 2008

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To determine the fate and differentiation of transplanted periodontal ligament (PL) precursor cells and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and their relative capacity to regenerate wounded periodontium. Materials and Methods: Orthodontic tooth movement was introduced 24 hours before transplantation of PL or ES cells, and rats were euthanized either 24 hours or 72 hours after cell transplantation. The control rats received either no tooth movement and no cell transplantation or tooth movement and no cell transplantation. Differentiation of transplanted cells was assessed from mandibular periodontal histological tissue sections by immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies against PL cell differentiation markers. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test at a significance level of P ϭ .05. Results: Transplantation of PL and ES cells resulted in a higher number of osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and ␣-smooth muscle actin labeled transplanted cells, predominantly around the blood vessels of the periodontium in study rats compared with control rats (cell transplantation but no orthodontic tooth movement, P ϭ .05). Combined treatments of tooth movement and cell transplantation resulted in enhanced regeneration of the periodontium as a result of tooth movement. Transplantation of PL cells induced a higher number of differentiating cells in the PL and alveolar bone than did transplantation of ES cells. Conclusions: Orthodontic tooth movement promotes the differentiation of transplanted cells, and the differentiation occurs predominantly in the paravascular areas of the periodontium. In terms of regeneration of wounded periodontium, transplantation of PL cells produced a higher level of regeneration than ES cells, possibly because of PL cell plasticity and the capacity to undergo effective differentiation in the periodontal cellular microenvironment.

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“…Trauma and several diseases including periodontitis can cause alteration or irreversible destruction of the organization and integrity of the periodontium. The treatment of periodontitis includes attempts to regenerate destroyed connective tissue, to form new cementum and bone, and to obtain attachment of nascent connective tissue to the tooth (Egelberg, 1987;Aukhil et al, 1990). However, to improve the effectiveness of such approaches (Nyman et al, 1985;Pitaru et al, 1989;Yeung et al, 1990), it is important t o elucidate the basic processes that direct and regulate periodontal repair and regeneration.…”

Section: Tissue Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteopontin and bone sialoprotein expression in regenerating rat periodontal ligament and alveolar bone

1996

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Background Osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) are differentially expressed over time in bone formation and remodelling. We have examined the expression of these proteins as phenotypic markers in studies of periodontal ligament (PL) and alveolar bone (AB) regeneration. Methods Window wounds (0.6 mm in diameter through alveolar bone) with either preservation or extirpation of PL were prepared under general anaesthesia in 30 Wistar male rats. Animals were killed on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after surgery, and OPN and BSP were detected with mouse monoclonal antirat antibodies. Results In regenerating alveolar bone, OPN was first detected on day 3, prior to the expression of BSP. However, only OPN could be detected in the PL where it localized to the border with the AB. Compared to wounds with PL extirpation, wounds with preservation of PL exhibited BSP staining within the AB compartment of the wound site in a significantly shorter period of time (day 7) and exhibited intense OPN and B P staining by day 28. Conclusions These studies show that early OPN and BSP expression and bone regeneration are enhanced by preservation of the PL and that during wound healing the PL contains cells that transiently express some osteoblastic protein markers but not mineralization. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Experimental Regeneration of The Periodontium

Cited by 42 publications

References 98 publications

Is Fibroblast Heterogeneity Relevant To the Health, Diseases, and Treatments of Periodontal Tissues?

Is Fibroblast Heterogeneity Relevant To the Health, Diseases, and Treatments of Periodontal Tissues?

Healing of Periodontal Tissues Following Transplantation of Cells in a Rat Orthodontic Tooth Movement Model

Osteopontin and bone sialoprotein expression in regenerating rat periodontal ligament and alveolar bone

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